Compound index

Deproteinized blood-derived preparation

Randomized study in people · 2017

ARTEMIDA Trial (A Randomized Trial of Efficacy, 12 Months International Double-Blind Actovegin): A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Actovegin in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment.

ADAS-cog+ change at month 6

−6.8 Actovegin versus −4.6 placebo

Estimated treatment difference

−2.3 points; 95% CI −3.9 to −0.7p=0.005

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Patent disclosure

Para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid adamant-2-ylaminoethyl ester hydrochloride with claimed thermoprotective and psychostimulant activities

Thermoprotection or stimulation outcome

No extractable measured value in the accessed recordClaimed properties are not substituted for observed results

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-559 was described as a weak inhibitor of hepatic monooxygenases in the historical experimental screen. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-591 was described as a weak inhibitor of hepatic monooxygenases in the historical experimental screen. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Animal research

Role of neurotropic adamantane-containing compounds in the regulation of immunity

Findings for this preparation

This preparation is included in an immune-regulation dissertation trail. A reliable preparation-specific effect estimate has not been extracted; findings emphasized for ADK-910 cannot be assigned to it.

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-676 was described as a weak inhibitor of hepatic monooxygenases in the historical experimental screen. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-677 was described as a weak inhibitor of hepatic monooxygenases in the historical experimental screen. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-790 was described as an inducer of hepatic P450 in the historical experimental screen. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-828 was described as an inducer of hepatic P450 in the historical experimental screen. The transcription also reports fewer anaphylaxis deaths in guinea pigs. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Archival adamantane screening lead

Animal research · 1996

Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects

Findings for this preparation

ADK-829 was described as an inducer of hepatic P450 in the historical experimental screen. The transcription also reports fewer anaphylaxis deaths in guinea pigs. These findings do not establish a human clinical effect.

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Animal research · 2023

Comparative Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activity of Fatty Aromatic Amides and Amines with a Framework Moiety and Their Non-Covalent Complexes

Findings for this preparation

Complexation of ADK-918 neutralized its actoprotective effect in the tested animal preparation. The treadmill improvement reported for a separate camphane candidate is not an ADK-918 benefit.

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Laboratory analysis · 2019

Synthesis of New Camphane-Type Amides: Potential Synthetic Adaptogenes

Findings for this preparation

ADK-957 appears as a background chlorophenoxyacetamide lead in this chemistry paper. Its cited cold-protection claim requires the original pharmacology report; this is not a new efficacy experiment on ADK-957.

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Animal research

Role of neurotropic adamantane-containing compounds in the regulation of immunity

Findings for this preparation

This preparation is included in an immune-regulation dissertation trail. A reliable preparation-specific effect estimate has not been extracted; findings emphasized for ADK-910 cannot be assigned to it.

Experimental research collection

Animal research · 2022

FDES and animal memory tasks — original tables and denominator conflicts

Study of multiple preparations

Group-size conflict

Methods report 40 rats in four equal groups; Table 2 labels n=15.

Paired food-concentrate preparation

Patent disclosure

RU2521324C1: Antitox and SportAktiv-2 cryopowders in rowers

Dominant hand strength

+9.0% in the active groupAuthors report no increase in the comparison group; half of active participants improved.

Cholesterol

Total −10.8%; LDL −30.9% in active groupApplicant comparisons, not confirmed in an independent study.

Marine peptide research

Animal research · 2026

Peptide Modulator of TRPV1 Channel Increases Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus and Reduces Anxiety and Fear in Mice Under Acute Stress

APHC3 enhanced hippocampal long-term potentiation in mouse preparations and produced anxiolytic-like effects in acute-stress behavioral tests.

Peptide / preparation research

Animal research · 2016

Chemical Platform for the Preparation of Synthetic Orally Active Peptidomimetics with Hemoregulating Activity.

Study of multiple preparations

Five cyclic analogues, numbered 3–7, were synthesized; three showed activity in experimental hematopoietic assays. Normal-marrow stimulation and post-irradiation recovery differ. Oral activity is not a pharmacokinetic measurement.

Experimental combination

Comparison in people · 2012

Development and study of antihypoxant-based psychoenergizing formulations for human physical and mental performance

Mental-fatigue experiment

30 active versus 10 placeboAfter intensive educational workload

Escalation experiment

34 participants; groups 12/12/10Separate from the fatigue comparison

Peptide research family

Animal research · 2016

Mimetics of brain-derived neurotrophic factor loops 1 and 4 are active in a model of ischemic stroke in rats

GSB-106 and GSB-214 reduced infarct volume by approximately 66% and 28%, respectively, in this experiment.

Actoprotector

Controlled study in people · 1991

Faster reactions and fewer errors during long voyages

Fatigue, poor mood, headache and insomnia complaints

20% lower frequencyAuthors’ reported change in treated sailors; absolute complaint counts are not givenAfter the course; precise assessment interval is not separately stated

Simple sensorimotor reaction

6.7% shorter latencyReported change in treated sailors

Peptide research family

Observational study · 2018

[Dynamics of clinical and biological indices of the asthenic symptom-complex during immunotropic therapy of patients with schizophrenia].

Affective-asthenic subgroup

32.5%

Asthenic-negative subgroup

67.5%

B-vitamin research collection

Animal research · 2026

B vitamins changed selected injury markers without significant tissue improvement

Creatinine and renal TBARS

Lower at both vitamin dosesVersus methotrexate alone

AST and hepatic TBARS

Lower only at the higher dose

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2011

Bonomarlot: institute clinical report

Institute report of 26 women with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia, divided 15/11. Both groups received conventional care. Reported hemoglobin was higher with adjunctive Bonomarlot; this does not establish stem-cell regeneration or benefit in other conditions.

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2011

Bonothyrk: institute clinical report (commercially hosted translation)

The report claims slower bone mineral loss at three months.

Patent-defined hydrolysate

Patent disclosure

RU2801151C1: Bovine brain protein–polypeptide hydrolysate process

Ninety-day rat tolerability series

160 rats, four arms of 40. No adverse change in measured behavior, blood biochemistry or organ pathology was described.Daily intramuscular 1.5, 15 or 150 mg/kg versus water control. Applicant-reported toxicology; underlying tables were not recovered.

Reported final protein–polypeptide concentration

1.0–2.0 mg/mLPreparation concentration, not a human dose.

Patent-defined brain peptide fractions

Patent disclosure

Limbic and associated brain peptide fraction A

Cyclists · day-21 sprint to exhaustion

6.8 ± 0.2 vs 4.6 ± 0.5 minFraction A versus saline, six per group. Cross-checked against the matching Fraction A table in the paired filing. The standalone electronic text drops decimal separators in several cells.

Cyclists · day-21 submaximal distance

12,800 ± 150 vs 7,100 ± 100 mFraction A versus saline. Active-arm starting distance was 7,600 m versus 6,300 m in controls.

Actoprotector

Animal research · 2012

Bromantane and splenic T-cell populations after 20 days of social stress in mice

Splenic CD3+ T cells

31.3% vs 27.9%Bromantane vs saline; unstressed 32.0%

Splenic CD4+CD8− cells

19.3% vs 17.1%Bromantane vs saline; unstressed 21.8%

Historical combination

Animal research · 1995

Pharmacokinetics of adamantane-derived actoprotectors: Bromitil experiments

Study of multiple preparations

The dissertation contents and reproduced conclusions identify a Bromitil pharmacokinetic section. The formulation is discussed as combined Bromantane and Bemitil.

Short peptide research

Comparison in people · 2014

Prospects of tetrapeptide application in treatment of chronic bronchitis: molecular mechanisms

Vital capacity, mean ± reported dispersion

3,650.5 ± 295.4 → 4,130.4 ± 121.1 mLControl: 3,735.6 ± 274.4 → 3,805.3 ± 276.7 mLBaseline → day 30

Expiratory forced vital capacity

2,740.7 ± 120.3 → 3,800.7 ± 116.1 mLControl: 2,850.0 ± 135.3 → 3,210.9 ± 136.6 mLBaseline → day 30

Experimental camphane analogue

Animal research · 2024

Psychotropic activity of N-(camphan-2-yl)anilines: new structural analogues of Bromantane

Study of multiple preparations

The Russian abstract identifies para-ethylphenyl compound 4e as a lead with anxiolytic-like activity and signals in novel-object recognition and extrapolation-escape tests in rodents.

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Animal research · 2023

Comparative Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activity of Fatty Aromatic Amides and Amines with a Framework Moiety and Their Non-Covalent Complexes

Study of multiple preparations

The camphane chlorobenzamide candidate increased treadmill performance by 23.22–25.20% after 14 days of administration. Baseline group differences complicate interpretation; the text describes convergence toward control running times. Complexation of Chlodantane, Bromantane and ADK-918 neutralized their actoprotective effects in the tested preparations; the new derivatives were classified as moderately toxic.

Short peptide research

Lab research · 2009

The effect of the amino acids and cardiogen on the development of myocard tissue culture from young and old rats

Heart-explant response

Proliferation increased and p53 expression decreased; numerical effect size not supplied

Short peptide research

Comparison in people · 2015

Dental research lecture reports 13.5% higher bone density

Bone-regenerate density

13.5% higher than controlsReported in the 2025 research lecture citing the 2015 clinical paper; not independently checked against original tables6, 9 and 12 months

Overall bone-structure restoration

Achieved in both groups, according to the lectureThe reported difference concerns speed and density, not healing versus no healing

Bovine brain-tissue hydrolysate

Animal research · 2019

Blinded rat stroke comparison of four peptide preparations

Study of multiple preparations

Serial functional testing

Cerebrolysin improved outcomes; Cortexin, Cerebrolysat and Cognistar did not show a comparable significant benefitFigure 1. Neurological severity, adhesive removal and foot-fault testing.

Lesion volume

No significant improvement versus saline in any treatment groupFunctional and histological outcomes are separate.

Polypeptide preparation

Randomized study in people · 2012

Large stroke trial found no overall benefit

Severe-stroke subgroup: NIHSS outcome

OR 1.27; lower CI bound 0.97Exploratory subgroup with baseline NIHSS>12

Combined primary outcome

No significant between-group difference

Brain-derived peptide preparation

Animal research · 2023

Cerebrotein Hydrolysate-I candidate peptide Pep72

Metabolites

11 major structures identifiedPGGDL and EPPTVPGGDL were prominent products.

Pep72 permeability

Very low in the model usedThe peptide was not identified as an efflux transporter substrate.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Observational study · 2016

Personified prevention of diseases under the conditions of the Far North

Study of multiple preparations

Sick-leave certificates

18 → 102014 → 2015; whole program

Days unfit for work

119 → 602014 → 2015; whole program

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Lab research · 2015

[POLYPEPTIDES INFLUENCE ON TISSUE CELL CULTURES REGENERATION OF VARIOUS AGE RATS].

Findings for this preparation

Chelohart was among the calf-tissue preparations tested in corresponding rat organotypic cultures. The abstract reports tissue-growth and marker changes across the preparations; it does not provide a separate numerical effect estimate for this preparation.

Archival preparation lead

Randomized study in people · 2013

[Correction of age related bladder function decrease with peptide geroprotector in women].

Timing of perceived benefit

Anxiety reduction described as occurring 1.5 times faster than urinary-symptom improvementWithin-report timing statement; not a 50% urinary improvement

Urinary symptoms

Reported fewer urgent sensations and urge-incontinence episodesNo episodes/day or treatment-effect size in abstract

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Experiment described in a patent · 2019

Chlorobenzoylaminoadamantane formulation for physical performance at high and low temperatures

Study of multiple preparations

Cold-exposure motor coordination

24.0 (17.0–33.0) s with the formulation versus 11.5 (9.5–15.5) s in cold-exposed controlsMedians and quartiles; intact animals 127.0 (100.5–183.0) sp=0.04 versus cold control

Sydnocarb comparator

6.5 (5.0–9.0) s versus 11.5 (9.5–15.5) s cold controlWorse retention in this test; not general clinical inferiorityp=0.04

Short peptide research

Lab research · 2022

Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line

Study of multiple preparations

Inflammatory response

Reduced LPS-stimulated TNF/IL-6 in differentiated cells; reduced monocyte adhesion

Chonluten cell response

Reduced monocyte TNF; an apoptotic fraction also observed

Brain-derived hydrolysate

Animal research · 2019

Blinded rat stroke comparison of four peptide preparations

Study of multiple preparations

Serial functional testing

Cerebrolysin improved outcomes; Cortexin, Cerebrolysat and Cognistar did not show a comparable significant benefitFigure 1. Neurological severity, adhesive removal and foot-fault testing.

Lesion volume

No significant improvement versus saline in any treatment groupFunctional and histological outcomes are separate.

Short peptide research

Animal research · 2000

Effect of tetrapeptide cortagen on regeneration of sciatic nerve.

Regenerating-fiber growth rate

27% increase

Nerve conduction velocity

40% increase

Peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2014

Cortexin and childhood autism: Larkina and Khaletskaya’s preschool comparison

Overall speech development

No statistically significant changep = 0.119

Social communication

No statistically significant changep = 0.058

Peptide / preparation research

Animal research · 2024

Novel Peptidomimetic Cyclo-{E(I)-E(W)}Na (CP-88) with Hematopoietic Activity Sustained in Invasive and Oral Administration: Experimental and Preclinical Evaluation

Study of multiple preparations

Intact-mouse spleen colony formation

Control 14.5±1.6 colonies per 100,000 cells; CP-88 injected 19.9±1.3, oral 19.3±1.3; both marked p<0.05 versus control.

Stemokin in the same table

14.7±0.7 injected and 14.3±1.8 oral; neither carries a significance mark.

Peptide research family

Human biomarker study · no treatment tested · 2019

Plasma cyclic glycine proline/IGF-1 ratio predicts clinical outcome and recovery in stroke patients.

Naturally occurring CPG measured in blood; no CPG treatment given

Biomarker association

Lower baseline cGP and cGP/IGF-1 ratio in stroke; baseline ratio correlated with day-90 NIHSS and its changeNo correlation coefficient or absolute concentration in the indexed abstract

Peptide product / formulation research

Observational study · 2016

Personified prevention of diseases under the conditions of the Far North

Study of multiple preparations

Sick-leave certificates

18 → 102014 → 2015; whole program

Days unfit for work

119 → 602014 → 2015; whole program

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Animal research · 2022

Comparative study of the effects of adamantane derivatives on the behavior of CD-1 mice with different phenotype of attention stability

Study of multiple preparations

Cyclantane, Ladasten and memantine partially restored attention in the low-attention subgroup, but worsened attention in the initially high-attention subgroup by 40–47% relative to controls. Exploratory and locomotor measures did not change in parallel.

Synthetic enkephalin analogue

Animal research · 2026

Cardiac injury marker was 27% lower in stressed rats

Cardiac injury marker CK-MB

27% lower with Dalargin than stressed controlsAnimal biomarker comparison, not a clinical event reduction24-hour stress modelNo p-value or confidence interval supplied in the abstract

Pump-function response to Dalargin

Partial reversal reported; numerical treated-versus-stress functional estimates not provided

DSIP and glycine formulation

Animal research · 2017

Deltaran and plasma superoxide dismutase in rats

Study of multiple preparations

Plasma superoxide dismutase activity

+28.6% in males and +21.1% in femalesVersus corresponding controls.p<0.05 as reported

Plasma protein and total lipids

Protein +14.8% in males and total lipids +20.2% in femalesVersus corresponding controls. The reverse sex-specific comparisons showed no reported difference.p<0.05 as reported

Environmental nootropic research

Comparison in people · 2007

Dilept: lower anxiety scores during cold exposure

Study of multiple preparations

Dilept · cold exposure

State anxiety −24%; trait anxiety −19%Percentages as reported; no arm sample size, baseline score or verified between-arm effect.

Experimental nonapeptide

Animal research · 2014

Deltaran maternal-exposure abstract reports 96% offspring survival

Study of multiple preparations

Reported survival

Deltaran 96%; Pinealon 94%No n, uncertainty, untreated-hypoxia rate or numerical Cortexin survival supplied

Caspase-3 conflict

Deltaran+hypoxia is described as +144% in cortex and +109% in brainstem, then as remaining at control levelBoth statements occur in the same abstract; do not resolve by assumptionFirst sentence: p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively

Peptide / preparation research

Lab research · 2014

[Tripeptides slow down aging process in renal cell culture].

Study of multiple preparations

AED and EDL altered proliferation and aging-associated markers in renal cultures. DNA-interaction models are computational hypotheses, not direct proof of the proposed mechanism in humans.

Patent-defined neural complex

Patent disclosure

RU2485132C2: Embryonic neural protein–polypeptide complex

Example 11 · rat survival after bilateral carotid ligation

34/36 after injected complex versus 9/24 untreated controlsIntraperitoneal 0.2 mg/kg at one and five hours, as described. Applicant reports p≤0.01 versus control.

Example 11 · intranasal count conflict

Narrative 30/36 survivors; Table 1 prints 32/36 with 6 deaths and 83%The nasal arm cannot be reconciled from the filing. Timing and exposure also differ from the injected arm.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Observational study · 2016

Personified prevention of diseases under the conditions of the Far North

Study of multiple preparations

Sick-leave certificates

18 → 102014 → 2015; whole program

Days unfit for work

119 → 602014 → 2015; whole program

Pineal-derived cytamin

Comparison in people · 2004

Hepatamin, Epifamin and Suprenamin in competitive rowers

Study of multiple preparations

Highest reported ergometer gain

3.94% after three weeksEcdysten plus Hepatamin; relative change from baseline.

Increment versus corresponding comparator

Significant for Hepatamin + Apilak and Hepatamin + ecdystenAuthors reported p<0.05. Other combinations did not show a verified additional performance gain.

Bioregulator

Controlled study in people · 2007

Human trial: nighttime melatonin rose from 20 to 49 pg/mL

03:00 melatonin · low-baseline subgroup

20 ± 4 → 49 ± 7 pg/mLEpitalon n=12; saline n=8: 27 ± 4 → 25 ± 4 pg/mLp<0.05 versus baseline and post-treatment saline

21:00 melatonin

12 ± 3 → 25 ± 4 pg/mLSaline: 12 ± 3 → 11 ± 3 pg/mLp<0.05 versus baseline and post-treatment saline

Tissue-derived polypeptide complex

Randomized study in people · 2006

Geroprotective effect of epithalamine (pineal gland peptide preparation) in elderly subjects with accelerated aging

All-cause deaths

28% fewer in the treated group as reported

Cardiovascular mortality

Twofold lower as reported

Actoprotector research

Animal research · 2003

Etomerzol as an antioxidant agent

The original report describes effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in rats, alongside laboratory oxidation assays.

Peptide research family

Randomized study in people · 2024

220-person placebo trial: 70% versus 24.5% anxiety response

Primary ≥50% HARS response

77/110 (70.0%) versus 27/110 (24.5%)Day 29 ± 1p<0.0001

Response-rate difference

45.5 percentage pointsAbsolute difference, not a 45.5% relative reduction

Peptide research family

Observational study · 2005

[Use of the Gepon immunomodulator for ulcerative colitis treatment].

Clinical and endoscopic amelioration

83.3%Within the treated cohort; no untreated response rate supplied

Copper-binding tripeptide and structural analogues

Randomized study in people · 1994

Enhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment with glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper

Median plantar-ulcer area closure

98.5% with GHK-Cu gel60.8% with vehiclep<0.05

Larger plantar-ulcer subgroup

89.2% median area closure−10.3% with vehiclep<0.01

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2011

Glandokort: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

Adrenal/stress report with hormone measurements.

Peptide research family

Lab research · 2017

Studying the Toxic Effects of Some Biologically Active Peptides on the Model of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Study of multiple preparations

Selank neuronal differentiation

GABA-positive neuron ratio decreased by 61%Selank 100 µM versus control; not an in-vivo malformation endpoint

PGP proliferation

Small but significant inhibition at 10 µMNo numerical inhibition magnitude in abstract

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2011

Gotratix: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

Grip/jump improved within-group; step/flexibility findings were nonsignificant.

Experimental peptide

Lab research · 2026

N-Isocaproyl-L-Arginylglycine Hexamethylenediamide, First Low-Molecular-Weight Mimetic of Neurotrophin-4: Design and Neuroprotective Activity.

GZS-411 activated TrkB and protected cultured cells against oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and 6-hydroxydopamine. The study does not establish animal or human treatment effects.

Synthetic tetrapeptide

Human biomarker study · no treatment tested · 2026

Plasma HAEE in Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls

Median plasma HAEE

143.1 pg/mL in Alzheimer’s cases versus 285.0 pg/mL in healthy controls.

ROC discrimination

AUC 0.832 (p<0.001), with 84.13% sensitivity and 63.51% specificity at the study cut-off.

Synthetic heptapeptide

Animal research · conference abstract · 2025

HAEEPGP mouse pharmacokinetics and amyloid binding

Mouse plasma half-life

56 ± 12 minutes for HAEEPGP versus 17 minutes for HAEE in the conference report.

Amyloid-β binding affinity

Kd 1.64 μM, with stronger binding reported for isomerized amyloid-β.

Peptide / preparation research

Comparison in people · 1993

[A cytomorphological basis for the correction of radiation-induced immunodeficiencies and hematopoietic depression using thymus and bone marrow peptides].

Study of multiple preparations

Immune and hematopoietic findings

Reported recovery of immune-organ and neutrophil function; reduced asthenia with ThymalinNo preparation-specific comparative numerical outcome supplied

Marine ion-channel peptide

Animal research · 2024

Sea Anemone Kunitz Peptide HCIQ2c1: Structure, Modulation of TRPA1 Channel, and Suppression of Nociceptive Reaction In Vivo.

HCIQ2c1 reduced chemically induced pain and inflammation in mice. Channel recordings supported stabilization of open TRPA1 and restriction of a hyperactivated state, rather than simple channel blockade.

Marine peptide research

Lab research · 2020

APETx-Like Peptides from the Sea Anemone Heteractis crispa , Diverse in Their Effect on ASIC1a and ASIC3 Ion Channels

Hcr 1b-4 inhibited ASIC1a but potentiated ASIC3; Hcr 1b-3 inhibited both tested channels.

Organ-derived cytamin

Comparison in people · 2004

Hepatamin, Epifamin and Suprenamin in competitive rowers

Study of multiple preparations

Highest reported ergometer gain

3.94% after three weeksEcdysten plus Hepatamin; relative change from baseline.

Increment versus corresponding comparator

Significant for Hepatamin + Apilak and Hepatamin + ecdystenAuthors reported p<0.05. Other combinations did not show a verified additional performance gain.

Polymeric antihypoxant

Animal research · 2021

Hypoxen: positive cold comparison, uncertain heat result

Study of multiple preparations

Hypoxen · hypoxia plus cold

10.0±0.9 versus 4.5±0.4 s; +120%Table 3; compared with stressed controlp=3×10⁻⁵

Hypoxen · hypoxia plus heat

22.7±3.5 versus 16.9±2.3 s; +34%Table 1; nonsignificant versus stressed controlp=0.18

Isolated rat-brain polypeptide

Laboratory analysis · 2014

A 4,749 Da bioregulator purified from rat brain

Mass after purification

4,749 ± 2 DaA polypeptide isolated from Wistar rat brain by reversed-phase HPLC.

Proteomic comparison

Similarity to an N-terminal Gₒ-protein alpha-subunit fragmentThe later PPC-M paper cites this earlier rat-tissue work. The candidate is distinct from the material directly characterized in PPC-M.

Peptide research family

Comparison in people · 2011

Imunofan and mixed herpesvirus infections in Redkin and Lyuboshenko’s 2011 comparison

Study of multiple preparations

Clinical improvement

73.7% versus 57.1%Imunofan-based care versus the pooled thymic-peptide group. Denominators conflict in the paper.

Fewer, shorter or no recurrences

36.8% versus 28.6%Composite reported in Table 2.

Experimental peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2017

IPH-AGAA with BCAAs in combat athletes and fitness-club trainees

Combat athletes · estimated muscle mass

+4.9 vs +2.2 kgBCAA + IPH-AGAA vs BCAA alone. Month 1 means 44.4 ± 0.7 vs 42.3 ± 0.8 kg.Month 1 between-group comparison marked p < 0.05.

Fitness-club trainees · estimated muscle mass

+4.3 vs +3.0 kgMonth 1 means 37.8 ± 1.1 vs 36.9 ± 1.8 kg.Month 1 between-group comparison marked p < 0.05.

Short peptide research

Animal research · 2021

Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides—Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Study of multiple preparations

Long-term potentiation

Peptide-associated trends did not reach statistical significance. The untreated model-versus-wild-type comparison also had p=0.057.

Pooled dendritic spine density, per 10 μm

Vehicle 11.31±0.36; KED 12.48±0.28 (p=0.103); EDR 12.64±0.31 (p=0.039).

Experimental adamantane / analogue

Animal research

Role of neurotropic adamantane-containing compounds in the regulation of immunity

Findings for this preparation

This preparation is included in an immune-regulation dissertation trail. A reliable preparation-specific effect estimate has not been extracted; findings emphasized for ADK-910 cannot be assigned to it.

L-carnitine

Comparison in people · 1997

Levocarnitine versus amantadine crossover comparison

L-carnitine

12 of 18 measured clinical parameters improved significantly after eight weeks.

Amantadine

15/30 discontinued, and the authors reported no significant clinical improvement among those who completed treatment.

Peptide research family

Study involving people · 2003

Liberol in simulated altitude and exercise

Simulated altitude ceiling

7.0 → 7.5 kmAuthor-reported altitude tolerance.

Reported time reserve in hypoxia

850 → 950 sThe conclusions describe simulated altitudes of 5–8 km.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2011

Libidon: clinical report reproduced in the Russian institute-report collection (2011)

The report describes adjunctive Libidon alongside usual treatment and reports improved urinary symptoms and flow measures. Reported significance is mainly against baseline, so it does not establish superiority to usual treatment.

Short peptide research

Lab research · 2003

Effect of new peptide bioregulators livagen and epitalon on enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum

Study of multiple preparations

Enkephalinase inhibition, IC50

Livagen 20 µM; Epitalon 500 µMConcentrations producing 50% inhibition in the serum assay

Opioid-receptor binding

No interaction detected at tested µ- or δ-receptorsRat-brain membrane assay

International ion-channel peptide comparator

Animal research · 2026

Rationally designed peptides relieve ischemic stroke by targeting TRPM2 intramolecular interactions.

M2IP inhibited TRPM2 at submicromolar concentrations in experimental assays and reduced brain injury in a mouse stroke model. It targets an inter-subunit interface involved in channel activation.

Nonpeptide comparator

Randomized study in people · 2008

Cortexin and other adjuncts in military combined-injury rehabilitation

Study of multiple preparations

Cortexin · work-capacity score

516.0±21.4 → 569.3±5.2Day 1 to day 14. Standard care 526.1±10.2 → 509.8±12.2.Reported p<0.05 versus standard care

Vinpotropil · work-capacity score

524.1±23.7 → 613.2±19.5Day 1 to day 14. Separate treatment arm.Reported p<0.05 versus standard care

Mitochondrial-derived peptide

Animal research · 2025

MOTS-c during seven days of rat hindlimb unloading

Signaling and ribosomal RNA

Preserved Akt/GSK3β phosphorylation and 18S/28S rRNA near control levelsBiochemical measures in rat soleus.

Ex vivo soleus fatigue

Increase in fatigue with unloading was prevented in the treated groupAfter 7 days; numerical effect size unavailable in the abstract.

Marine ion-channel peptide

Animal research · 2025

Sea anemone Cys-ladder peptide Ms13-1 induces a pain response as a positive modulator of acid-sensing ion channel 1a.

Ms13-1 potentiated ASIC1a responses to acidic stimuli and produced prolonged pain-related behavior in mice. The peptide has a Cys-ladder fold and serves as a tool for studying channel function.

Peptide research family

Animal research · 2026

Spinorphin reduced migraine-like responses in rats

Migraine-like responses

Mechanical hypersensitivity and CGRP-related measures reducedRat model

Opioid-receptor involvement

Effects attenuated by nalmefene

Peptide research family

Lab research · 2021

Role of Amino Acid Arginine and Nitric Oxide in Mechanisms of Cytoprotective Effect of Non-Opiate Leu-Enkephalin Analogue In Vitro.

NALE superoxide generation

20.7% reduction

NALE p53-positive cells

40.2% reduction

Tissue-derived polypeptide preparation

Lab research · 2023

Combined effect of polypeptide complexes on organotypic rat tissue cultures

Study of multiple preparations

The report explicitly identifies Nephropept as the kidney complex alongside Thymalin, Ventvil and Cortexin. Corresponding tissue explant growth increased by approximately 20–27%; combining preparations with Thymalin did not add a potentiating effect.

Peptide research family

Animal research · 2011

Neuroprotective effect of GK-2, a dipeptide mimetic of nerve growth factor, during experimental focal ischemia in middle cerebral artery basin

GK-2 reduced infarct area and improved neurological tests.

Dipeptide-derived nootropic

Controlled study in people · 2007

Environmental experiments found different effects by setting

Study of multiple preparations

Noopept PWC170 in cold

189 ± 10 versus 162 ± 2Placebo comparison in the cold chamber; source PWC170 values, units not addedCold chamberSource marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control

Noopept PWC170 in heat

188 ± 6 versus 152 ± 1Placebo in the heat chamber; values checked in Table 2Heat chamberSource marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control

Short peptide research

Comparison in people · 2013

Peptide regulators in age-related macular degeneration: Normophthal comparison

Visual acuity and retinal sensitivity

Selected table comparisons are labeled p≥0.05 versus baseline, despite favorable narrative percentages.

Peptide research family

Animal research · 2026

Study of the neuroprotective effect of NT-3 dipeptide mimetics GTS-301 and GTS-302 on an experimental model of ischemic stroke

GTS-302 reduced infarct volume by 39% and improved the day-three neurological measure; GTS-301 was inactive in this experiment.

Lipid-modified peptide

Animal research · 2015

Oleyl-Cortagen: stronger response at a lower central dose

Study of multiple preparations

Oleyl-Cortagen · central self-stimulation

159.7±16.2 → 199.1±19.1 presses/5 min (+25%)1 µg into the ventricle; 10 and 100 µg produced +19% and +6% without significance marks.p<0.05 before vs after at 1 µg

Anxiety-related behavior

Oleyl-Cortagen’s central maze response was described as weaker than Cortagen’sThe direction and magnitude depend on assay and dose; lipidation did not improve every endpoint.

Archival preparation lead

Animal research · 2026

OGP-mimetic hydrogel promoted dental-tissue differentiation in experimental models

Dental-pulp differentiation

RUNX2, ALP and DSPP expression increasedHuman cells in culture

Cell proliferation

No significant change

Peptide product / formulation research

Animal research · 2017

Nephroprotective Effect of EDL Peptide at Acute Injury of Kidneys of Different Genesis

Synthetic EDL reduced several measures of renal injury, including proteinuria and azotemia, and affected oxidative-stress and energy-related measures.

Short peptide research

Lab research · 2012

Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging

Study of multiple preparations

Differentiation markers

CXCL12/Hoxa3 or CXCL12/WEGC1 expression increased in the corresponding cultures

Tissue-derived polypeptide complex

Review of earlier studies · 2023

Peptide Regulation of Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation

Study of multiple preparations

Describes the cartilage polypeptide complex PCC and its AED component. The authors reported a Russian Phase II osteoarthritis program in 2023. They connect MSC and fibroblast findings to a cartilage-repair hypothesis.

Coded animal-derived peptide preparation

Animal research · 2013

Animal-derived peptide preparations in rat hypoxia, behavior and blood studies

Pep-8 time to agonal breathing

95 ± 12.5 to 655 ± 127.5 secondsPrinted day-21 coefficient 6.89×. Table 1 uses 95 ± 12.5 seconds as the baseline for all six arms in the second series.Baseline to day 21

Pep-8 horizontal activity and immobility

Activity 7% to 22%; immobility 52% to 21%Saline control activity rose from 13% to 16% and immobility fell from 45% to 40%.Baseline to day 21

Coded animal-derived peptide preparation

Animal research · 2012

Pept-5 through Pept-11 in a rat hypobaric hypoxia experiment

Pept-8 time to agonal breathing

252 → 627 → 570 secondsBaseline, day 21 and day 28. Day 21 was about 2.49× the reported baseline.

Pept-10 time to agonal breathing

323 → 897 → 1,047 secondsBaseline, day 21 and day 28.

GABA analogue

Comparison in people · 2017

Noofen in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency with fatigue

Fatigue score

MFI-20 fell from 67.3±4.7 to 41.4±3.1 in the Noofen arm (within-arm p<0.001). Authors reported no change in usual care.

Racetam-derived nootropic

Randomized study in people · 2014

Seizure responses reported, with 32 adverse-event withdrawals

At least 50% seizure-frequency reduction

83% at 200 mg/day; 61% at 100 mg/dayPublished results narrative; placebo responder percentage is not supplied in the checked passageEnd of treatment

Adverse-event discontinuations

12/30 at 200 mg/day; 12/30 at 100 mg/day; 8/30 with placeboCounts as reported in methods; 32/90 total withdrawalsDuring three-month treatment

Related nootropic

Randomized study in people · 2024

Cognition and sleep scores improved during active treatment

MoCA cognitive score

24.9 → 26.5 → 28.3 pointsPooled active-treatment sample; the abstract does not map all three quoted values to specific visitsReported serial assessmentsp=0.022 and p<0.001 as reported

Sleep improvement

50% at visit 3; 84% at visit 4Questionnaire-defined improvement; not measured sleep stagesEnd of 60-day treatment; then 1.5-month follow-up

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2011

Pielotax: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

Randomization asserted; renal laboratory outcomes reported.

Bioregulator

Observational study · 2015

Aging-marker changes included mixed signals

Study of multiple preparations

Oxidation and blood-cell markers

Prooxidant activity and lower circulating CD34-positive markers also reported

Biological-age indicators

Authors reported favorable changes after Pinealon or Vesugen; comparative effect size unavailable

Pineal tissue-derived polypeptide preparation

Randomized study in people · 2021

Better reported sleep during menopause treatment

Greene total score · day 90

16.16 ± 8.36 versus 21.62 ± 9.34p=0.004

Greene total score · day 180

18.24 ± 8.68 versus 21.81 ± 11.41p=0.035

Combination research

Comparison in people · 2004

A program linking hypoxia, training and drug exposure

Study of multiple preparations

Piracetam + Bemitil · experimental interaction

Supra-additivity reported with Bemitil at 16–30% of total formulation massThe dissertation reports additive effects outside that window and possible partial antagonism with further dose escalation. Animal hypoxia findings.

Bemitil elimination

Approximately twice as fast when co-administered with piracetamAuthor-reported pharmacokinetic conclusion; underlying estimates, sampling and model require the original tables.

Related nootropic

Review of earlier studies · 2012

Stroke review did not establish improved independence

One-month death trend

Approximately 31% increase; interval from 5% reduction to 81% increaseNot statistically significant

After severity-imbalance adjustment

Unfavorable trend no longer apparent in the large trial

Synthetic polymer immunomodulator

Lab research · 2014

Metaprot, Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in rat macrophage assays

Study of multiple preparations

Peritoneal macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes

292 ± 5% at 0.1 mM each; 38 ± 2% at 20 mM eachTrekrezan plus Metaprot, relative to saline control (100%).Both marked p < 0.05 vs control.

Alveolar macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes

302 ± 15% with Metaprot; 20 ± 2% with Metaprot plus Trekrezan20 mM per included agent, relative to saline control.Each marked p < 0.05 vs control.

Natural-product research collection

Randomized study in people · 2018

POLYNCOR: lipid and liver-enzyme findings with adjunctive Ropren

Statin reduction/discontinuation for raised transaminases

Ropren: zero (0%); control: five (33.3%); reported p<0.05.

Cholesterol and ALT

Reported lower than control after two months, p<0.05; raw concentrations absent.

Bovine-brain peptide–protein complex

Animal research · 2026

PPC-M bovine brain complex: analytical and rat histology study

Fraction 3H peptide masses

2,180–7,755 DaMain text; conclusion prints 7,715 Da. Overlap by size with other extracts does not identify shared sequences.

Albumin-like component

Approximately 66.7 kDaN-terminal sequence was consistent with bovine serum albumin.

Experimental peptide mixtures

Animal research · 2020

PPK-V in the 2020 peptide-profile study

Findings for PPK-V within a multi-preparation animal study

PPK-V: hypoxia time

552±44 s; Cortexin 201±11 s; displayed control 95±3 sTable 2, M±m; male rats; ten per group

PPK-V: loaded swimming

289±66 s; Cortexin 172±44 s; displayed control 135±6 sTable 2, M±m; female rats; ten per group; 10% body-weight load

Short peptide research

Lab research · 2012

Deheterochromatinization of the chromatin in old age induced by oligopeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro)

Sister-chromatid exchanges per cell

12.0 ± 0.28 versus 5.9 ± 0.2Prostamax-exposed versus intact cells

Silver-positive nucleolar organizer regions

2.5 versus 0.95 per cellExposed versus intact cells

Tissue-derived polypeptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2022

Complex treatment of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis using biologically active peptides

Microflora eradication

91.4% in the add-on groupAntibiotic + Prostateks; control percentage not supplied

Mean volumetric urine flow

+89.8% reportedAdd-on arm change; absolute flow values and control change absent

Tissue-derived polypeptide complex

Observational study · 1991

The use of prostatilen in treating patients with chronic prostatitis

Reported symptom response

96.7%Disappearance or attenuation; uncontrolled composite clinical response

Onset of response

After 2–3 injections; greatest reported response after 5–6Descriptive clinical observation

Tissue-derived polypeptide complex

Randomized study in people · 2019

Structural and functional changes in the retina of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and compensated intraocular pressure while undergoing retinoprotective therapy

MD, treated

−5.52 ± 2.76 → −4.82 ± 2.73 dBSix visit p-values: 0.0391, 0.0201, 0.0302, 0.3708, 0.0151, 0.0353

Visual-acuity change

No change reportedTreated p=0.3732/0.6862; control p=0.7751

Cartilage and bone marrow extract

Randomized study in people · 2000

Rumalon versus placebo in five-year knee and hip osteoarthritis follow-up

Five-year knee joint-space loss

0.37 mm with Rumalon versus 0.42 mm with placebo (p=0.68).

Five-year hip joint-space loss

0.21 mm with Rumalon versus 0.22 mm with placebo (p=0.53).

Peptide research family

Lab research · 2016

Cytoprotective Effect of Peptide Sedatin, an Agonist of μ/δ-Opioid Receptors, on Primary Culture of Pulmonary Fibroblasts of Albino Rats under Conditions of Oxidative Stress.

Sedatin preserved selected oxidative-stress and nuclear measures in rat pulmonary fibroblasts. Naloxone partially reduced these effects, supporting opioid involvement in this assay.

Synthetic regulatory neuropeptide

Animal research · 2008

Use of Selank to correct measures of integrative brain activity and biogenic amine levels in adult rats resulting from antenatal hypoxia

Sensory attention

Reported 2–3-fold increasep<0.01; no n or confidence interval supplied

Learning

Reported 1.5-fold facilitationp<0.01

Synthetic regulatory neuropeptide

Comparison in people · 2026

Visual-field improvement persisted after combined glaucoma rehabilitation

Visual-field mean deviation

−8.62 ± 1.86 → −7.03 ± 1.36 → −4.33 ± 0.98 dBBaseline → after surgery → after added physiotherapyp<0.01 after surgery; p<0.0001 after physiotherapy

Persistence

Improvement maintained up to 6 monthsControl group returned to baseline by month 3

Experimental defined peptide combination

Animal research · 1996

Semax, TRH and FMRFamide in rat hemorrhage and hypobaric hypoxia

Study of multiple preparations

Severe hemorrhage · mortality

23% with three-peptide pretreatment versus 79% in controlsMortality in the stated pretreatment comparison, not the whole 595-rat program.p<0.025 as reported

Naloxone comparator · mortality

83% mortality (n=6)Small separate pretreatment group; no clear benefit.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2006

Sigumir: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

The 2005–2006 report describes symptom changes over 30–45 days, without substantial radiographic improvement. The English brochure repeats its cohort and percentages under Cartalax; preparation attribution and cohort independence are unresolved.

Food-derived peptide mixture

Animal research · 2026

Soy peptide hydrolysate and loaded swimming in rats

Soy hydrolysate · absolute swim time

91 → 404 s (+313 s)Baseline to session 11; group means. Approximate group-mean change: +344%.

Soy hydrolysate · individual relative change

+511% mean individual changeEach animal’s result was divided by its own baseline before averaging. Low baselines can inflate relative changes.

Multi-tissue peptide supplement

Comparison in people · 2011

SPORT 5 Plus in former competitive athletes

Grip and standing jump

Reported within-group gains, p<0.05The report’s significance note compares before and after within each group.

Adverse effects

None recorded in the reportSmall, short sponsor-linked comparison with unclear systematic ascertainment.

Five-extract botanical formulation

Patent disclosure

Stabinorm botanical mixture for a claimed fatigue use

Elevated plus maze

Open-arm time was 3-fold control at 0.1 mg/kg and 2-fold control at 1 mg/kg.

Endurance and heat stress

The inventors report improvements in endurance, heat tolerance and rotarod time at 0.1 mg/kg, without numerical effects in the narrative.

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2011

Stamakort: institute clinical report (commercially hosted translation)

The report describes symptom improvement and increased gastric secretory measures after treatment.

Peptide / preparation research

Comparison in people · 2015

Stemokin in treatment and prevention of pyoderma in military personnel

Reported clinical recovery in the adjunct-treatment arm

74.36% among 39 treated participants

Reported pyoderma incidence in the prevention arm

17.5% among 40 participants over follow-up up to 12 months

Metabolic substrate

Animal research · 2016

Metaprot and succinic acid in acute hypoxia in mice

Study of multiple preparations

Combination vs control

18.8% longer survival timeReported p ≤ 0.05 vs control.

Metaprot vs control

16.1% longer survival timeReported p ≤ 0.05 vs control.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2006

Suprefort: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

The 2005–2006 report describes digestive-enzyme trends and glucose outcomes. The two-hour glucose comparison is marked significant against controls; fasting changes are marked against baseline.

Adrenal-derived cytamin

Comparison in people · 2004

Hepatamin, Epifamin and Suprenamin in competitive rowers

Study of multiple preparations

Highest reported ergometer gain

3.94% after three weeksEcdysten plus Hepatamin; relative change from baseline.

Increment versus corresponding comparator

Significant for Hepatamin + Apilak and Hepatamin + ecdystenAuthors reported p<0.05. Other combinations did not show a verified additional performance gain.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2006

Svetinorm: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

The 2005–2006 report describes symptoms and liver laboratory markers. Its significance markers compare results with baseline; ALT also improved with conventional care.

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 1996

Clinical and immunologic effects of T-activin therapy in early stage melanoma patients.

Reported survival time

40 versus 24 monthsT-activin + surgery versus surgery aloneReported follow-upNot statistically significant

Disease-free interval

17.5 versus 13 monthsSame comparison; described as similar

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2011

Taxorest: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

Thirty-day adjunctive report with respiratory measurements.

Short peptide research

Lab research · 2011

Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.

Study of multiple preparations

The paper identifies Testagen as Lys–Glu–Asp–Gly (KEDG). Labeled short peptides entered cells and nuclei; binding patterns differed between DNA sequences.

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2011

Testoluten: institute clinical report (commercially hosted translation)

The report describes hormone and self-reported symptom changes with adjunctive treatment.

Peptide preparation

Randomized study in people · 2021

Peptide Drug Thymalin Regulates Immune Status in Severe COVID-19 Older Patients

In-hospital mortality

7/36 (19.4%) versus 18/44 (40.9%)p=0.039

Clinical improvement

29/36 (80.5%) versus 26/44 (59%)p=0.039

Synthetic immunosuppressive dipeptide

Randomized study in people · 2018

Thymodepressin in perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: KI-THYM-001 clinical-study report

Primary nasal-symptom comparison

p=0.6708; no significant between-group difference.Day 16

Selected secondary symptoms and sleep

Some comparisons favored treatment; these do not overturn the neutral primary outcome.

Short peptide research

Comparison in people · 2011

Imunofan and mixed herpesvirus infections in Redkin and Lyuboshenko’s 2011 comparison

Study of multiple preparations

Clinical improvement

73.7% versus 57.1%Imunofan-based care versus the pooled thymic-peptide group. Denominators conflict in the paper.

Fewer, shorter or no recurrences

36.8% versus 28.6%Composite reported in Table 2.

Peptide / preparation research

Comparison in people · 1993

[A cytomorphological basis for the correction of radiation-induced immunodeficiencies and hematopoietic depression using thymus and bone marrow peptides].

Study of multiple preparations

Immune and hematopoietic findings

Reported recovery of immune-organ and neutrophil function; reduced asthenia with ThymalinNo preparation-specific comparative numerical outcome supplied

Peptide / preparation research

Animal research · 1993

[Radioprotective effect of synthetic immunomodulators on hemopoietic CFU-S].

Study of multiple preparations

Spleen hematopoietic colony-forming units (CFU-S)

Both peptides reportedly halved the measured radiation-related loss of CFU-S in the experimental comparison.

Post-exposure recovery

The abstract describes greater CFU-S recovery than in controls in a separate comparison.

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2006

Tireogen: institute clinical report (commercially hosted translation)

The report describes symptom and thyroid-hormone changes during adjunctive care.

Synthetic adaptogen / immune-modulation research

Lab research · 2014

Metaprot, Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in rat macrophage assays

Study of multiple preparations

Peritoneal macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes

292 ± 5% at 0.1 mM each; 38 ± 2% at 20 mM eachTrekrezan plus Metaprot, relative to saline control (100%).Both marked p < 0.05 vs control.

Alveolar macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes

302 ± 15% with Metaprot; 20 ± 2% with Metaprot plus Trekrezan20 mM per included agent, relative to saline control.Each marked p < 0.05 vs control.

Marine peptide research

Animal research · 2017

New Disulfide-Stabilized Fold Provides Sea Anemone Peptide to Exhibit Both Antimicrobial and TRPA1 Potentiating Properties.

Ueq 12-1 potentiated TRPA1 and showed analgesic/anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, alongside moderate antibacterial activity.

Tissue-derived polypeptide complex

Randomized study in people · 2023

Slavinorm for intermittent claudication: randomized placebo-controlled trial

Pain-free walking distance

Active arms: +46.2% and +31.4%; placebo: +6.5%.

At least 50% walking-distance improvement

28% and 26% in active arms versus 3% with placebo; exact analysis denominators unavailable.

Archival preparation lead

Animal research · 1986

[Effect of the vascular wall polypeptide factor vasonin on hemostatic function in an experimental peroxidation syndrome].

Vasonin prevented hypercoagulation but did not prevent the underlying peroxidation syndrome.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2006

Ventfort: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

The 2005–2006 report describes lipid and capillary-fragility outcomes during 10–15 days of adjunctive care.

Tissue-derived polypeptide complex

Lab research · 2023

Combined effect of polypeptide complexes on organotypic rat tissue cultures

Study of multiple preparations

The report explicitly identifies Nephropept as the kidney complex alongside Thymalin, Ventvil and Cortexin. Corresponding tissue explant growth increased by approximately 20–27%; combining preparations with Thymalin did not add a potentiating effect.

Bioregulator

Animal research · 2008

Vesugen in the separate adult-hypoxia arm

Study of multiple preparations

Respiration arrest

88 ± 9 secondsSaline 72 ± 10 seconds; n=10/groupNo numerical p-value supplied

Adult mortality

10%Saline 10%; very small groups, no verified mortality difference test

Bioregulator

Comparison in people · 2008

Vilon after complicated appendicitis

Study of multiple preparations

Mean hospitalization

18.8 ± 0.6 days (five days, n = 30) and 19.0 ± 0.5 days (ten days, n = 10)Adjunct sample: 40 across both groups. Standard care: 24.2 ± 0.6 days (n = 10).

TNF-α before → after

447 ± 20 → 115 ± 9 pg/mL (separate n = 25 subset)Within-group p < 0.001 in Table 3

Peptide / preparation research

Observational study · 1990

The effect of vilozen on the immune status of bronchial asthma patients

Reported response

Immune correction and clinical improvement described in atopic-associated asthma; no response rate supplied

Environmental nootropic research

Randomized study in people · 2008

Cortexin and other adjuncts in military combined-injury rehabilitation

Study of multiple preparations

Cortexin · work-capacity score

516.0±21.4 → 569.3±5.2Day 1 to day 14. Standard care 526.1±10.2 → 509.8±12.2.Reported p<0.05 versus standard care

Vinpotropil · work-capacity score

524.1±23.7 → 613.2±19.5Day 1 to day 14. Separate treatment arm.Reported p<0.05 versus standard care

Experimental polypeptide complex

Animal research · 2021

VIR-8: positive cold result, neutral heat result

Study of multiple preparations

VIR-8 · hypoxia plus cold

12.5±1.3 versus 4.5±0.4 s; +178%Table 3; compared with stressed control, n=10 per groupp=0.0002

VIR-8 · hypoxia plus heat

16.8±1.5 versus 16.9±2.3 s; 0% reportedTable 1; compared with stressed controlp=0.99

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2011

Visoluten: institute clinical report (commercially hosted translation)

The report describes visual-acuity and retinal electrophysiology changes during adjunctive care.

Multi-ingredient topical product series

Study involving people · 2017

VIVAX SPORT topical formulations after exercise and minor injury

Relaxant cream · skin temperature

7.4% lower immediately and 5.86% lower at 15 minVersus the untreated skin site after ultrasound-assisted cream application.

Injured skin impedance before treatment

120.47±7.96 Ω versus 213.94±4.42 Ω on uninjured skinThe paper reports that the injured and uninjured sites did not differ significantly at 48 hours.

Tissue-derived peptide preparation

Comparison in people · 2006

Vladonix: clinical report on a tissue-derived preparation

The 2005–2006 report describes lymphocyte and immunoglobulin measurements after 15–20 days. Table significance is relative to baseline.

Antigen-directed peptide formulation

Study involving people · 2016

CD206-Targeted Liposomal Myelin Basic Protein Peptides in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Resistant to First-Line Disease-Modifying Therapies: A First-in-Human, Proof-of-Concept Dose-Escalation Study

Active gadolinium-enhancing lesions

Transient increase at weeks 7 and 10

EDSS and MRI at study exit

No statistically significant change versus baseline

Archival preparation lead

Comparison in people · 2011

Zhenoluten: institute clinical report (commercially hosted translation)

The report describes symptom and hormone changes during adjunctive treatment.