A collection of chemically distinct aminoethanol candidates: the diethylaminoethanol-derived FDES and the dimethylaminoethanol-derived ADK-17 program. Animal cognition, neuroprotection, pharmacokinetics and safety reports are separated by preparation. These names do not identify one interchangeable compound.
Research background
A collection of chemically distinct aminoethanol candidates: the diethylaminoethanol-derived FDES and the dimethylaminoethanol-derived ADK-17 program. Animal cognition, neuroprotection, pharmacokinetics and safety reports are separated by preparation. These names do not identify one interchangeable compound.
Study of multiple preparations · Original preclinical journal publication
Animal findings do not establish human protection or clinical neuropathy benefit. The exact aminoethanol preparation is not sufficiently identified to equate it with ADK-17 or FDES. Group flow and agent-specific numerical outcomes require full text.
Study of multiple preparations · Original animal research
Table 2 labels n=15 although 40 rats divided into four equal groups implies ten per group. Table 1 percentages, including 62.5% and 87.5%, do not reconcile with fifteen mice per group; raw counts are absent. Methods describe single administration and five training-day administrations; Table 2 describes fourteen-day administration. Marked significance is against control, not a direct FDES–piracetam comparison. Human potency and efficacy are unestablished.
Study of this preparation · Original animal research
Allocation, animal counts and full adverse findings require the original paper. The abstract’s comparison with citicoline is not an equivalence trial or evidence of human stroke benefit.
These highlights cover selected studies. Open a source for its methods, reported doses and full context.
Compound class
Experimental research collection
Research collection
Related nootropics & combinations · editorial grouping
Research institutions
No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review
Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.
02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH
Understanding the evidence
Human research
No human intervention study established for these candidates
Study methods
Animal comparisons, preclinical safety studies and rabbit pharmacokinetics
Independent replication
Overlapping reports and conference versions require reconciliation
Source access
Original journal PDF, publisher abstracts, author-uploaded corrected text and university-hosted proceedings; scope varies by record
Safety evidence
Animal safety observations do not establish human safety or use
Open a topic for the evidence assessment.
More findings, background and historyEVIDENCE REVIEW / 6 OCTOBER 2026
Outstanding review questions
Appraise original methods and replication; keep animal and cell findings separate from unestablished human benefit and safety.
No human intervention report has been identified among the linked records; unclassified archival leads may remain. Publication records can share participants. Source counts are not trial counts.
These 1 grouped records distinguish claimed molecules, uses, formulations and related chemistry. Patent disclosure does not establish clinical benefit or approval.
2016 · RU2588365C1 · FDES: neuroprotective aminoethanol derivativeMolecule · Lifespan and survival described as 77% and 63% higher than control
Reported findings
The patent reports longer survival in selected acute challenge models.
Hemic-hypoxia model
Lifespan and survival described as 77% and 63% higher than controlThe source does not clearly distinguish relative survival change from percentage-point change
Histotoxic-hypoxia model
Lifespan and survival described as 42% and 38% higher than controlShort animal challenge, not a chronic disease or patient survival outcome
Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургская государственная химико-фармацевтическая академия" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ГБОУ ВПО СПХФА Минздрава России)
Indexed status
Not shown; official status unverified · checked 2026-11-06
Patent family
Grouping identifier unavailable · family publications are related filings, not independent studies.
Original title, inventors and related publications
Neuroprotective agent based on bis{2-[(2e)-4-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoyloxy]-n,n-diethylethanamine}butandioate
Inventors: Сергей Владимирович Оковитый; Евгений Борисович Шустов; Вера Цезаревна Болотова; Ирина Александровна Титович.
2016 · FDES: neuroprotective aminoethanol derivative — RU2588365C1Hemic-hypoxia model: Lifespan and survival described as 77% and 63% higher than control
2016Patent / reported experimentsFull text available
Patent-defined substance or composition · Patent publication
Format: Original patent text and indexed metadata · Reviewed: Claims, selected reported findings and limitations reviewed; supporting experiments not comprehensively appraised.
Сергей Владимирович Оковитый, Евгений Борисович Шустов, Вера Цезаревна Болотова, Ирина Александровна Титович · RU2588365C1 · patent family RU2588365C1
The patent reports longer survival in selected acute challenge models.
Findings, study figures and available tables
Reported patent results
Reported findings
The patent reports longer survival in selected acute challenge models.
FDES aminoethanol-derivative studies in experimental brain-injury and acute oxygen-utilization models in animals.
Reported findings and study figures · Experimental summaries of hemic and histotoxic models, Tables 4–5 narrative.
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Hemic-hypoxia model
Lifespan and survival described as 77% and 63% higher than control
The source does not clearly distinguish relative survival change from percentage-point change
Histotoxic-hypoxia model
Lifespan and survival described as 42% and 38% higher than control
Short animal challenge, not a chronic disease or patient survival outcome
Do not convert the reported percentages into absolute survival probabilities. Acute animal challenge tolerance does not establish human neuroprotection, occupational safety or efficacy of ADK-17.
FDES aminoethanol-derivative studies in experimental brain-injury and acute oxygen-utilization models in animals.
What was checked
Original patent publication accessed through Google Patents. Claims, selected reported findings and source limitations checked. The results section identifies the examples, tables and any numerical extraction gaps. No complete experimental audit, prosecution review or legal claim construction was performed.
Limitations & review scope
FDES is not ADK-17; related chemical ancestry does not establish the same structure, claim coverage or clinical effects.
Do not convert the reported percentages into absolute survival probabilities. Acute animal challenge tolerance does not establish human neuroprotection, occupational safety or efficacy of ADK-17.
Patents record claimed inventions and supporting disclosures. Publication or grant does not establish clinical efficacy, safety or marketing approval. Members of one patent family and related journal reports can describe the same experiments.
Status labels are Google Patents index snapshots for the displayed publication or application; the record gives its source-check date. Official registers and every national family member have not been independently checked. These labels do not establish freedom to operate.
Source checked 2026-11-06. See the review scope above for the material assessed.
Read the source ↗2026 · Potapov–Shustov: pharmacological correction of delayed neuropathy in ratsAminoethanol derivative and citicoline: Favorable responses depended on the experimental model.
2026Animal / experimentalRussian source · see review scope
Aminoethanol and inositol derivatives, polyprenols, citicoline and Cortexin comparators · Original preclinical journal publication
Format: Original publisher abstract and references · Reviewed: Abstract, authors and citation trail checked; full tables not recovered
P. K. Potapov, E. B. Shustov, V. Ya. Apchel, A. N. Smirnov, A. S. Melekhova, M. V. Melnikova, V. A. Basharin, A. A. Bondarenko · Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2026;28(1):33–44
Responses at approximately one month varied by model; an inositol derivative worsened selected neuromuscular findings in some animals.
Findings, study figures and available tables
Reported findings and study design
Rat experiment with day-30 neuromuscular measurements; compound identities and group denominators need full-paper confirmation.
Reported findings and study figures · Original publisher abstract; qualitative findings only
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Aminoethanol derivative and citicoline
Favorable responses depended on the experimental model.
Unfavorable response
An inositol derivative worsened selected neuromuscular findings in some animals.
Not every tested agent showed benefit. No human efficacy estimate or equivalence with ADK-17/FDES established.
Original abstract; no quantitative treatment effect extracted.
Limitations & review scope
Animal findings do not establish human protection or clinical neuropathy benefit.
The exact aminoethanol preparation is not sufficiently identified to equate it with ADK-17 or FDES.
Group flow and agent-specific numerical outcomes require full text.
Source checked 2026-11-06. See the review scope above for the material assessed.
Read the source ↗2022 · FDES and animal memory tasks — original tables and denominator conflictsGroup-size conflict: Methods report 40 rats in four equal groups; Table 2 labels n=15.
FDES; piracetam comparator · Original animal research
Format: Original journal PDF, public Pharm-SPb copy · Reviewed: All five pages read; methods and Tables 1–2 visually checked
V. Ts. Bolotova, I. A. Titovich, E. B. Shustov · Journal Biomed. 2022;18(3):104–108
FDES groups performed better than controls on selected memory measures. The paper contains incompatible group-size and percentage reporting.
Findings, study figures and available tables
Reported findings and study design
Positive animal-task results coexist with unresolved denominators and administration-duration descriptions.
Reported findings and study figures · Original PDF Tables 1–2, printed pp.106–107; visually checked
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Group-size conflict
Methods report 40 rats in four equal groups; Table 2 labels n=15.
Dose comparison
The authors report no statistically significant difference between the two tested FDES doses.
Table 1: reported T-maze retention percentages
Table 1: reported T-maze retention percentages
Group
Day 1
Day 5
Day 10
Control
0.0
0.0
0.0
Piracetam comparator
28.5*
28.5*
0.0
FDES lower tested dose
50.0*
62.5*
50.0*
FDES higher tested dose
87.5*
87.5*
50.0*
Source labels n=15. Several percentages cannot represent integer animals out of fifteen; underlying counts are unresolved. * denotes p<0.05 versus control, not versus piracetam.
Do not calculate raw responder counts, comparative potency or a human memory effect from these percentages.
Methods: 60 male CBA mice and 40 male rats; four groups in each experiment
What was checked
Methods p.105 and Tables 1–2, pp.106–107; original PDF visually checked.
Limitations & review scope
Table 2 labels n=15 although 40 rats divided into four equal groups implies ten per group.
Table 1 percentages, including 62.5% and 87.5%, do not reconcile with fifteen mice per group; raw counts are absent.
Methods describe single administration and five training-day administrations; Table 2 describes fourteen-day administration.
Marked significance is against control, not a direct FDES–piracetam comparison. Human potency and efficacy are unestablished.
Source checked 2026-11-06. See the review scope above for the material assessed.
Read the source ↗2021 · FDES after experimental cerebral ischemiaSensorimotor and tissue outcomes: The authors report improvement in selected sensorimotor measures and a reduction in cortical injury volume.
Male rats with experimental cerebral ischemia; denominator absent from the reviewed abstract
What was checked
Publisher-deposited abstract; original tables not recovered.
Limitations & review scope
Allocation, animal counts and full adverse findings require the original paper.
The abstract’s comparison with citicoline is not an equivalence trial or evidence of human stroke benefit.
Source checked 2026-11-06. See the review scope above for the material assessed.
Read the source ↗2023 · ADK-17: preclinical safety of a dimethylaminoethanol derivativeAssessed immune and reproductive endpoints: No adverse changes were reported under the tested conditions.
Format: Publisher-deposited abstract; related conference original PDF · Reviewed: Abstract and matching conference account pp.76–77 checked; conference conclusions visually verified
A. E. Kim, E. B. Shustov · Journal Biomed. 2023;19(3E):110–113
Reported oral peak plasma concentration occurred at 60–90 minutes; systemic elimination half-life was 4.3 hours in rabbits.
Findings, study figures and available tables
Reported findings and study design
Reported oral pharmacokinetics in rabbits.
Reported findings and study figures · Publisher-deposited abstract; matching conference pp.76–77 checked
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Time to peak plasma concentration
60–90 minutes
Systemic elimination half-life
4.3 hours
Trace detection
Reported in blood for two days and urine for three days.
Detection windows, elimination half-life and duration of a clinical effect are different measures. Human parameters remain unestablished.
Soviet Chinchilla rabbits; sample size absent from the reviewed abstract and conference text
What was checked
Publisher abstract and Kim’s October 2023 conference account. Matching chemical description and values suggest overlapping reporting.
Limitations & review scope
These are rabbit parameters, not a human half-life or a dosing interval.
Trace detection after two days does not mean a two-day half-life or duration of action.
The conference abstract is not counted as independent replication; the full journal tables remain unavailable.
Source checked 2026-11-06. See the review scope above for the material assessed.
Read the source ↗2023 · Aminoethanol derivative under isolated and combined environmental stressCombined versus isolated stress: The authors reported activity under several conditions, with different effective experimental exposures.
Small laboratory animals; full group sizes not available in the checked abstract
What was checked
Publisher abstracts; compound identity and publication timing retained explicitly.
Limitations & review scope
English methods say diethylaminoethanol, while the title, keywords and conclusion say dimethylaminoethanol. Confirm the original structure before pooling with FDES or ADK-17.
No human efficacy or safety result; original tables and full methods remain restricted.
Source checked 2026-11-06. See the review scope above for the material assessed.
Read the source ↗2020 · Actoprotective screening of aminoethanol–Krebs-cycle derivativesFDES in the heavier-load dose-response comparison: The largest reported increase did not reach statistical significance against placebo.
Experimental aminoethanol derivatives; Bemitil was a comparator · Original animal research
Format: Publisher HTML · Reviewed: Methods and results narrative checked; PDF tables not visually appraised
V. Ts. Bolotova, E. B. Shustov, S. V. Okovityi · Pharmacy Formulas. 2020;2(4):28–35
The authors selected FDES, a fumarate–diethylaminoethanol–succinate candidate, for further research. Bemitil and deanol aceglumate served as comparators.
Findings, study figures and available tables
Reported findings and study design
Reported findings and study figures · Publisher results narrative; qualitative extraction
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
FDES in the heavier-load dose-response comparison
The largest reported increase did not reach statistical significance against placebo.
Candidate selection is not evidence of consistent benefit across conditions.