OR 1.27; lower CI bound 0.97Exploratory subgroup with baseline NIHSS>12
Severe-stroke subgroup: mRS outcome
OR 1.27; lower CI bound 0.90Exploratory subgroup
CASTA followed 1,070 acute ischemic-stroke patients for 90 days. Cerebrolysin did not significantly improve the combined primary outcome; a favorable result in more severe strokes came from an exploratory subgroup analysis.
More reported outcomes
Severe-stroke subgroup: 90-day mortality
10.5% Cerebrolysin versus 20.2% placeboAbstract reports HR 1.9661 and lower CI bound 1.0013; direction follows the source
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model CASTA: 1,070 acute ischemic-stroke patients; randomized within 12 hours; 90-day follow-up
Design CASTA: 1,070 patients, randomized within 12 hours; Cerebrolysin 529 versus placebo 541. Intravenous 30 mL/day for ten days plus aspirin 100 mg/day; 90-day follow-up.
Important limitations
The severe-stroke subgroup is exploratory, not confirmation of efficacy. The meta-analyses that include CASTA already account for this trial.
Primary result was neutral. Subgroup findings are post hoc; the incomplete confidence intervals are reproduced without inventing upper bounds.
[Cerebrolysin in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study].
Progression to Alzheimer’s dementia at three years
2/48 (4.2%) with Cerebrolysin versus 12/46 (26.1%) in the comparison group.
Dementia or marked cognitive worsening
2/48 (4.2%) versus 18/46 (39.1%), including the dementia events.
MoCA in the treated group
25.35 at baseline, 26.06 at year one and 25.02 at year three. The year-three change was inconclusive (p=0.239).
At three years, 2 of 48 Cerebrolysin recipients and 12 of 46 comparison participants had progressed to Alzheimer’s dementia.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model 100 people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment enrolled, 94 analyzed
Design 50 participants per group at enrollment. The treatment group received 20 intravenous infusions of 20 mL in 100 mL saline over four weeks, annually for three years. The comparison group received no placebo infusions. The analysis included 48 treated and 46 comparison participants.
Important limitations
Open comparison without placebo infusions. The authors describe random allocation with limited procedural detail. Six participants were absent from the completer analysis. The study does not establish dementia prevention.
This was an open study with a completer analysis. A placebo-controlled replication with masked assessment would clarify the dementia-conversion result.
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova; 2024 · Publication record
No clear reduction in deaths in the pooled stroke trials
Study of multiple preparations
All-cause mortality
RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.65–1.41Cerebrolysin/Cortexin pooled; moderate-certainty evidence
Non-death attrition
RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.38–1.39Six trials, 1,689; very low certainty
Any serious adverse event
RR 1.16; 95% CI 0.81–1.66Cerebrolysin: three trials, 1,335
The pooled mortality analysis of Cerebrolysin or Cortexin found probably little or no difference (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.65–1.41; 6 trials, 1,689 participants).
More reported outcomes
Fatal serious adverse event
RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.59–1.38Cerebrolysin: three trials, 1,335
Nonfatal serious adverse event
RR 2.39; 95% CI 1.10–5.23Cerebrolysin: three trials, 1,335
Nonfatal SAE: 30 mL/day for ten days subgroup
RR 2.87; 95% CI 1.24–6.69Two trials, 1,189; cumulative dose 300 mL
Any adverse event
RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.92–1.14Four trials, 1,607
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Cochrane review: 7 RCTs, including one Cortexin trial with 272 participants
Design 2023 Cochrane review: seven randomized trials, 1,773 participants; includes a 272-person Cortexin trial. Mortality analysis: six trials, 1,689 participants.
Important limitations
The mortality estimate combines Cerebrolysin and Cortexin. The serious-adverse-event concern applies to Cerebrolysin.
The mortality estimate pools Cerebrolysin and Cortexin, not either preparation alone. The review also raises concern about nonfatal serious adverse events with Cerebrolysin; a neutral mortality result does not establish safety.
Mortality mixes two preparations; the serious-event estimates concern Cerebrolysin. A risk ratio whose interval crosses 1 is not a proven reduction or increase. Underlying trials overlap other pages.
A brain-derived peptide preparation containing a mixture of small peptides and amino acids. The neuropeptide literature discusses it separately from Cortexin and defined short peptides.
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture studied in neurological disease, rehabilitation and laboratory models. Clinical results, composition analyses and unresolved archival leads are separated in this collection.
Blinded rat stroke comparison of four peptide preparations
Study of multiple preparations
Serial functional testing
Cerebrolysin improved outcomes; Cortexin, Cerebrolysat and Cognistar did not show a comparable significant benefitFigure 1. Neurological severity, adhesive removal and foot-fault testing.
Lesion volume
No significant improvement versus saline in any treatment groupFunctional and histological outcomes are separate.
Only Cerebrolysin improved measured functional outcomes versus saline. The other hydrolysates had no significant functional effect and no treatment reduced lesion volume significantly.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Male Wistar rats with embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion, 23 initially randomized per arm; early deaths excluded from analysis.
Design Prospective, randomized and blinded comparisons of saline, Cognistar, Cerebrolysat, Cortexin and Cerebrolysin. Serial neurological testing through day 28.
Reported study exposure
Daily intraperitoneal doses for ten days starting four hours after occlusion: Cognistar, Cerebrolysat and Cerebrolysin 2.5 mL/kg each, Cortexin 1.7 mg/kg or saline 1 mL per rat. One methods line repeats Cerebrolysin where the abstract and other sections identify Cerebrolysat.
Important limitations
Animal ischemia results do not transfer between differently manufactured formulations.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences 398:22–26 · Journal of the Neurological Sciences 398:22–26
Central peptide dosing: rat self-stimulation assay
Study of multiple preparations
Cerebrolysin · central self-stimulation
220.8±21.2 → 280.2±14.2 presses/5 min (+27%)10 µg into the ventricle; 1 and 100 µg lacked significance marks.p<0.05 before vs after
Selected row from author abstract Table 4; 496 rats across the program, not one assay.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model 496 Wistar rats (200–220 g) across several behavioral experiments; not the denominator for a single comparison
Design 496 Wistar rats (200–220 g) across several behavioral experiments; not the denominator for a single comparison
Reported study exposure
Central series 1, 10 and 100 µg. Systemic comparison 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally.
Important limitations
Within-condition results. Central administration does not prove brain access after systemic dosing.
Table 4 marks within-condition changes from before administration; no verified between-preparation superiority test. Central and systemic behavioral similarities do not directly measure brain penetration or tissue pharmacokinetics. The assays concern behavior and electrical reinforcement, not athlete endurance.
Behavioral effects differed by route, dose and test. The low central dose had an effect in this assay; it does not establish systemic exposure, human dosing or superiority in other outcomes.
Kirov Military Medical Academy dissertation author abstract · Dissertation
No change reported in pedal-press frequencyAt the systemic doses in this article; does not contradict the separate central-dose comparisons.
Open-field behavior
Oleyl-Cortagen increased horizontal and vertical movement but halved hole explorationCortexin and Cerebrolysin increased horizontal movement; Dilept reduced horizontal and vertical movement.
Porsolt immobility
Lower with Oleyl-Cortagen, Dilept and Cortexin; higher with Cerebrolysin, Semax, Cortagen and SelankThis unweighted behavior assay is distinct from loaded endurance swimming. Piracetam was inactive in the report.
Separate comparisons in an assay battery.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model 192 Wistar rats, 200–220 g; methods describe at least 10–12 per group across a behavioral test battery
Design 192 Wistar rats, 200–220 g; methods describe at least 10–12 per group across a behavioral test battery
Reported study exposure
1 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the rat study.
Important limitations
Electrical self-stimulation and immobility do not measure athletic endurance.
Multiple behavioral comparisons, endpoint-specific group sizes and precise uncertainties need table recovery. Deltaran is the tested DSIP-containing formulation; no result for isolated DSIP can be inferred. The 2015 dissertation used separate doses/routes; it is not confirmed as independent replication of every experiment.
Opposing effects across assays are informative. Electrical self-stimulation and immobility are behavior readouts, and neither establishes improved human motivation or endurance.
Medical Academic Journal, 2009; publisher article 9357 · Original journal article
Measured amino acids in organ peptide preparations
Study of multiple preparations
Cortexin versus Cerebrolysin · composition
Higher Cortexin amounts of several amino acids per mg of preparationThe authors report roughly 6.5–7-fold for Asp, Glu and Tyr, ninefold for serine and twelvefold for arginine. This is a chemical comparison.
This is analytical chemistry, with hydrolysis-released amino acids.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Laboratory composition comparison of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin, Retinalamin and Pineamin; three Pineamin manufacturing batches
Design Laboratory composition comparison of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin, Retinalamin and Pineamin; three Pineamin manufacturing batches
Important limitations
The comparison does not identify intact peptide sequences or predict effects.
Amino-acid totals are not the molecular-mass distribution or an inventory of intact peptides. The mass denominator and formulation excipients matter when comparing liquid and lyophilized organ preparations. Table discrepancies are left visible; they are not silently corrected.
Chemical characterization helps distinguish the preparations. It cannot establish that amino-acid contents explain stress resistance, and it does not identify which peptides were present.
Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 19(1):129–136 · Original journal article
Participants or model 149 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Design Double-blind trial. 76 assigned to Cerebrolysin and 73 to placebo. Intravenous 30 mL five days weekly for four weeks, repeated after a two-month treatment-free interval.
Important limitations
The trial followed patients for 28 weeks and does not establish a lasting effect on disease progression.
International Clinical Psychopharmacology · Journal publication
Three Cerebrolysin doses in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
ADAS-Cog at week 24
The 10 mL arm improved (p=0.038). The 30 and 60 mL arms did not significantly improve cognition.
Global clinical outcome
The abstract reports improvement across the three Cerebrolysin doses.
Adverse events
The abstract describes similar proportions across study arms.
The 10 mL arm improved (p=0.038). The 30 and 60 mL arms did not significantly improve cognition.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model 279 patients assigned to three infusion doses or placebo
Design Randomized double-blind groups received 10 mL (69), 30 mL (70), 60 mL (71) or placebo (69). Infusions were given five days weekly for four weeks, then twice weekly for eight weeks.
Important limitations
Cognitive findings varied by dose. The abstract omits detailed score differences and adverse-event counts.
European Journal of Neurology · Journal publication
An exploratory rehabilitation trial reported better arm recovery
Action Research Arm Test at day 90
Mann–Whitney estimator 0.71; 95% CI 0.63–0.79p<0.0001
Global status across 12 outcome scales
Mann–Whitney estimator 0.62; 95% CI 0.58–0.65p<0.0001
Premature discontinuation
3.8%
The exploratory trial reports better upper-limb motor recovery at day 90.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Stroke patients receiving standardized rehabilitation; CARS trial
Design CARS: randomized double-blind placebo comparison in early stroke rehabilitation. Cerebrolysin 30 mL/day for 21 days, starting 24–72 hours after stroke; rehabilitation for 21 days.
Important limitations
Authors call for a larger confirmatory trial. Rehabilitation and timing define the setting; this is not evidence of healthy-person enhancement.
These are nonparametric effect-size estimators, not 71% or 62% improvements. Authors describe the trial as exploratory; the indexed abstract does not state the sample size.
ADHD council assessment places these preparations in its limited-evidence group
Study of multiple preparations
Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Semax
Group B: limited evidence base for ADHD
Document type
Expert-council resolutionCouncil meeting 16 July 2026; publication 22 October 2026
The expert council places Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Semax in Group B, its category for preparations with a limited evidence base in ADHD. It discusses adjunctive use within psychoeducation and behavioral care, rather than replacement of established first-line treatment.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Expert-council assessment of adjunctive ADHD pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents; no new patient trial.
Important limitations
Expert consensus and evidence appraisal, not a new efficacy trial. The assessment concerns childhood ADHD, not every clinical use of these preparations.
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 126(9. Vyp. 2) · Expert-council resolution
Rapid improvement after thrombectomy described in a single case
Clinical observation
One 57-year-old man
NIHSS
7 → 1 within hoursAfter thrombectomy and adjunctive care; no isolated drug effect
Hospital course
Discharged on day 5 with mild residual cognitive deficits
After thrombectomy and adjunctive Cerebrolysin, NIHSS improved from 7 to 1 within hours. The patient was discharged on day five with mild residual cognitive deficits. Recovery was already unfolding around treatment initiation, so the case cannot isolate a Cerebrolysin contribution.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model One 57-year-old man after thrombectomy and carotid stenting for tandem arterial occlusion.
Reported Cerebrolysin regimen
30 mL in 250 mL saline intravenously daily for 4 daysFirst dose at 12:24 after the procedure
Important limitations
Single case without a comparator. Successful recanalization, spontaneous recovery and concurrent care are alternative explanations. August publication newly indexed in October, not an October trial.
Journal of medicine and life 19(8) · Journal publication
Three small studies reported changes after treatment. Each lacked an untreated or placebo comparator, so these findings do not establish efficacy for autism.
Krasnoperova et al., 2003
Positive effects
89% in childhood autism and 8/8 in the Asperger subgroupThe abstract reports greater cognitive change in the Asperger subgroup (p < 0.005).
Domains with reported changes
Expressive and receptive language, fine motor performance, and play
Moderate or marked global improvement
The likely overlapping companion report gives 10% and 63%, respectively, using its stricter Clinical Global Impression threshold.
The authors reported positive effects in 89% of the childhood-autism group and all 8 children in the Asperger subgroup. Reported changes included receptive and expressive speech, fine motor skills, and play.
Study notes · methods, source and limitations
27 inpatients aged 2–8: 19 with childhood autism and 8 with Asperger syndrome, using the paper’s diagnostic categories.
Uncontrolled inpatient treatment series. The authors combined clinical observation with instrument-assisted testing of cognition and communication.
The indexed abstract describes 0.1 mL per microinjection by intramuscular and perineural routes over five days. The same-year companion article specifies ten microinjections per day for five sessions. This describes a historical research procedure.
All children received treatment. Differences between diagnostic subgroups cannot estimate benefit versus placebo.
The companion article describes concurrent rehabilitation and a stricter global-improvement endpoint. Full text for the indexed paper was not located.
37.7 at baseline to 32.6 at day 180p < 0.001 versus baseline
Rated substantially improved
38% after the first course, more than 50% after the second, and 71% at day 180
Selected developmental age-equivalent changes
Self-care +0.3 years; receptive and expressive speech +0.2 years; fine motor function +0.1 years
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score fell from 37.7 to 32.6 by day 180 during combination treatment (p < 0.001 versus baseline). The authors rated 71% of participants substantially improved at the final visit.
Study notes · methods, source and limitations
25 children aged 3–8 with childhood autism in an open prospective study.
Open prospective series followed for 180 days. All participants received both Cerebrolysin and typical antipsychotics.
Two courses of 15 intramuscular injections of 1.0 mL each, given every other day, with a two-month interval between courses. Typical antipsychotics continued at age-adjusted doses.
There was no Cerebrolysin-only, placebo, or antipsychotic-only arm in the indexed report.
The reported absence of clinical deterioration does not establish that adverse events were systematically collected or absent.
27/43 (62.8%) improved; 16/43 (37.2%) had no positive changeDay 30
Improvement by subgroup
13/23 (56.5%) in the “endogenous” group and 14/20 (70.0%) in the “organic” groupParent reports; both groups received Cerebrolysin.
Increased hyperactivity
16/43 during treatment and 10/43 (23.3%) at day 60The paper prints 37.8% for the first count; 16/43 is 37.2%.
After treatment, 27/43 children (62.8%) showed signs of improvement and 16/43 showed none. The authors reported increased hyperactivity in 16 children during treatment and in 10 at day 60.
Study notes · methods, source and limitations
43 children aged 4–6 with ICD-10 childhood autism. The authors assigned 23 and 20 children to two historical clinical subgroups. Children with epilepsy were excluded.
Uncontrolled before–after study of 43 children. The authors compared two clinical subgroups defined using their historical classification. All children received Cerebrolysin.
Fifteen intramuscular injections of 2.0 mL each, given every other day. The article reports no other therapy during that period. CARS was measured at baseline and on days 30 and 60. EEG was repeated at day 60.
Both subgroups received Cerebrolysin. Baseline CARS scores differed and there was no untreated or placebo group.
Parent observations and EEG changes cannot establish an autism treatment effect. Exclusion of children with epilepsy limits safety interpretation.
More findings, background and historyMULTIPLE SCLEROSIS / RESEARCH CONTEXT
MS evidence and its limits
Historical MS documents mention this preparation as an adjunct. Prescribing history and multi-drug comparisons do not establish an individual treatment effect.
Stroke research matrix ↗ — compare human stroke outcomes, experimental findings, safety and adjacent cerebral-ischemia research.
CEREBROLYSIN / UPDATED OCTOBER 7, 2026
Cerebrolysin: clinical research and safety
What is Cerebrolysin?
Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived preparation containing peptides and amino acids. It is a mixture rather than one defined peptide; results for other peptide preparations cannot be transferred to it.
Results vary by study and outcome. CASTA had a neutral overall primary result, while selected rehabilitation trials reported benefits. Newer observational studies report favorable associations, but do not replace randomized evidence. Survival, language recovery and motor function are different outcomes.
Does Cerebrolysin help after traumatic brain injury?
The collection includes CAPTAIN II and later observational comparisons. A 2025 retrospective study found no statistically significant six-month neurological or mortality difference when Cerebrolysin was added to citicoline. Treatment setting and study design matter.
Research includes vascular-dementia reviews and a three-year open study in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Favorable findings in patients do not establish memory enhancement in healthy people, and the open study alone cannot establish dementia prevention.
Safety needs to be assessed by indication, trial design and follow-up. Stroke reviews report serious-adverse-event concerns, and a published case documents severe anaphylaxis. A case report cannot tell us how often that reaction occurs.
Seven retraction notices and one expression of concern are listed separately. They are not new studies or supporting evidence for efficacy. These notices concern specific papers, not the entire Cerebrolysin literature.
The three- and twelve-month reports draw on NCT04904341. The cardioembolic report gives results for full and matched samples, including neutral cognition and matched NIHSS outcomes. The 2025 review’s CARS figures and the 2026 review’s follow-up denominators remain unresolved.
Human reports are linked; their presence does not establish effectiveness. Several publications can describe the same participants.
A porcine brain-derived mixture of peptides and amino acids, with a distinct development history. It is not a single defined peptide, and evidence for Cortexin or Khavinson short peptides cannot be transferred to it.
Educational information only, not medical advice. Seek a qualified healthcare professional for any medical condition. These records do not provide dosing, treatment or self-experimentation recommendations.
Stroke: distinguish acute treatment from rehabilitation
Rehabilitation trials and acute-stroke reviews ask different questions. Some trials reported improved motor outcomes, while another found no overall rehabilitation benefit. Cochrane found no mortality benefit and a possible increase in nonfatal serious adverse events with Cerebrolysin.
CAPTAIN II, the small MS trial and the vascular-dementia review should be read separately. Disease-specific findings do not establish general cognitive enhancement, and pooled or secondary analyses are not independent replications.
The 2015 and 2019 analyses report very different peptide inventories using different samples and methods. Proposed signaling targets and the mood-mechanism paper are analytical hypotheses, not evidence that the mixture delivers intact growth factors or treats mood disorders.
The Cortexin comparison is an animal experiment using direct brain administration. The study provides military-academic research context but cannot support a clinical comparison.
These references require original-source verification and are not counted as reviewed studies. Organophosphate, solvent, radiation and blast research remain future search questions, not findings established here.
Austrian development and early authorization chronology
Exact 1949 and 1954 milestones require original historical or regulatory documentation.
Peripheral neuropathy and Ilizarov nerve-repair research
Human neuropathy comparisons and longitudinal animal nerve-repair reports are separate leads. No clinical effect or sample count is imported without original records.
Toxic encephalopathy, alcohol, manganese and carbon-monoxide reports
The proposed protocol, dissertation and patient-report claims remain unverified. Manganese exposure context must be checked; animal carbon-monoxide findings cannot validate a human report.
Alzheimer disease and cervical myelopathy evidence
Separate disease-specific questions; review selection, co-interventions, trial overlap and adverse-event reporting remain to be assessed.
Archival lead ↗PATENT RESEARCH / COLLECTION UPDATED 7 NOVEMBER 2026
Patents and claimed inventions
These 1 grouped records distinguish claimed molecules, uses, formulations and related chemistry. Patent disclosure does not establish clinical benefit or approval.
59745228 · family publications are related filings, not independent studies.
Original title, inventors and related publications
Method of prolonging the lifespan of patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) using a cerebrolysin® preparation
2019 · Blinded rat stroke comparison of four peptide preparationsSerial functional testing: Cerebrolysin improved outcomes; Cortexin, Cerebrolysat and Cognistar did not show a comparable significant benefit
Format: Journal of the Neurological Sciences 398:22–26 · Reviewed: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations
L. Zhang et al. · Journal of the Neurological Sciences 398:22–26
Only Cerebrolysin improved measured functional outcomes versus saline. The other hydrolysates had no significant functional effect and no treatment reduced lesion volume significantly.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Only Cerebrolysin improved measured functional outcomes versus saline. The other hydrolysates had no significant functional effect and no treatment reduced lesion volume significantly.
Prospective, randomized and blinded comparisons of saline, Cognistar, Cerebrolysat, Cortexin and Cerebrolysin. Serial neurological testing through day 28.
Dose, route and schedule
Daily intraperitoneal doses for ten days starting four hours after occlusion: Cognistar, Cerebrolysat and Cerebrolysin 2.5 mL/kg each, Cortexin 1.7 mg/kg or saline 1 mL per rat. One methods line repeats Cerebrolysin where the abstract and other sections identify Cerebrolysat.
Male Wistar rats with embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion, 23 initially randomized per arm; early deaths excluded from analysis.
Source reviewed
Journal of the Neurological Sciences 398:22–26
Study limitations
Animal ischemia results do not transfer between differently manufactured formulations.
Reviewed 2026-11-09.
Read the source ↗2015 · Oleyl-Cortagen versus Cortagen: central and systemic rat assaysCerebrolysin · central self-stimulation: 220.8±21.2 → 280.2±14.2 presses/5 min (+27%)
2015Animal / experimentalRussian source · see review scope
Oleyl-Ala–Glu–Asp–Pro is lipid-modified Cortagen. Cortexin and Cerebrolysin were separate tissue peptide comparators. · Dissertation
Format: Original author-abstract transcription with methods and Table 4; original full dissertation scan unavailable · Reviewed: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations
I. M. Voeyikov · Kirov Military Medical Academy dissertation author abstract
In Table 4, Oleyl-Cortagen increased hypothalamic self-stimulation at the smallest central dose. The response weakened at higher central doses. Cortagen, Cortexin and Cerebrolysin showed different dose patterns.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
In Table 4, Oleyl-Cortagen increased hypothalamic self-stimulation at the smallest central dose. The response weakened at higher central doses. Cortagen, Cortexin and Cerebrolysin showed different dose patterns.
496 Wistar rats (200–220 g) across several behavioral experiments; not the denominator for a single comparison
Dose, route and schedule
Central experiments: 1, 10 or 100 µg into a lateral ventricle, 5–10 minutes before testing. Systemic methods list Cortagen and Oleyl-Cortagen at 0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally, Cortexin and Cerebrolysin at 1 mg/kg; saline control.
Protocol source ↗ · Original author-abstract transcription with methods and Table 4; original full dissertation scan unavailable
Results · Original author-abstract transcription with methods and Table 4; original full dissertation scan unavailable
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Oleyl-Cortagen · central self-stimulation
159.7±16.2 → 199.1±19.1 presses/5 min (+25%)
1 µg into the ventricle; 10 and 100 µg produced +19% and +6% without significance marks. · p<0.05 before vs after at 1 µg
Cortagen · central self-stimulation
208.0±26.7 → 270.4±26.4 presses/5 min (+30%)
100 µg into the ventricle; lower doses lacked a significance mark. · p<0.05 before vs after
Cortexin · central self-stimulation
209.3±22.9 → 295.1±26.2 presses/5 min (+41%)
100 µg into the ventricle; 1 and 10 µg lacked significance marks. · p<0.05 before vs after
Cerebrolysin · central self-stimulation
220.8±21.2 → 280.2±14.2 presses/5 min (+27%)
10 µg into the ventricle; 1 and 100 µg lacked significance marks. · p<0.05 before vs after
Anxiety-related behavior
Oleyl-Cortagen’s central maze response was described as weaker than Cortagen’s
The direction and magnitude depend on assay and dose; lipidation did not improve every endpoint.
Asterisk: p<0.05 versus the same condition before dosing. Percentages and mismatch coefficients are as transcribed; original scan and exact arm denominators were not recovered.
Behavioral effects differed by route, dose and test. The low central dose had an effect in this assay; it does not establish systemic exposure, human dosing or superiority in other outcomes.
496 Wistar rats (200–220 g) across several behavioral experiments; not the denominator for a single comparison
Source reviewed
Original author-abstract transcription with methods and Table 4; original full dissertation scan unavailable
Study limitations
Table 4 marks within-condition changes from before administration; no verified between-preparation superiority test.
Central and systemic behavioral similarities do not directly measure brain penetration or tissue pharmacokinetics.
The assays concern behavior and electrical reinforcement, not athlete endurance.
Reviewed 2026-11-08.
Read the source ↗2009 · Shabanov’s rat peptide behavior comparison: Oleyl-Cortagen and CortexinCortagen and Cerebrolysin · self-stimulation: No change reported in pedal-press frequency
Format: Publisher full-text methods and results narrative; original PDF tables not recovered · Reviewed: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations
P. D. Shabanov et al. · Medical Academic Journal, 2009; publisher article 9357
Oleyl-Cortagen and Cortexin increased hypothalamic self-stimulation by 32% and 23%, respectively. Cortagen and Cerebrolysin did not change this outcome; other behavioral assays differed.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Oleyl-Cortagen and Cortexin increased hypothalamic self-stimulation by 32% and 23%, respectively. Cortagen and Cerebrolysin did not change this outcome; other behavioral assays differed.
192 Wistar rats, 200–220 g; methods describe at least 10–12 per group across a behavioral test battery
Protocol source ↗ · Publisher full-text methods and results narrative; original PDF tables not recovered
Results · Publisher full-text methods and results narrative; original PDF tables not recovered
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Oleyl-Cortagen · self-stimulation
+32% in lateral-hypothalamic pedal presses
Reported relative increase, not an endurance or strength endpoint.
Cortexin · self-stimulation
+23% in lateral-hypothalamic pedal presses
Reported relative increase; no direct statistical test versus Oleyl-Cortagen supplied in narrative.
Cortagen and Cerebrolysin · self-stimulation
No change reported in pedal-press frequency
At the systemic doses in this article; does not contradict the separate central-dose comparisons.
Open-field behavior
Oleyl-Cortagen increased horizontal and vertical movement but halved hole exploration
Cortexin and Cerebrolysin increased horizontal movement; Dilept reduced horizontal and vertical movement.
Noopept, Semax, Selank and Dilept · vertical activity
Reduced vertical movements reported
Compound-specific rat behavior at the stated doses, not a measure of human alertness.
Porsolt immobility
Lower with Oleyl-Cortagen, Dilept and Cortexin; higher with Cerebrolysin, Semax, Cortagen and Selank
This unweighted behavior assay is distinct from loaded endurance swimming. Piracetam was inactive in the report.
Deltaran · grooming
Grooming reactions increased
The report tested Deltaran, a DSIP-containing formulation; this observation is not assigned to isolated DSIP.
Opposing effects across assays are informative. Electrical self-stimulation and immobility are behavior readouts, and neither establishes improved human motivation or endurance.
192 Wistar rats, 200–220 g; methods describe at least 10–12 per group across a behavioral test battery
Source reviewed
Publisher full-text methods and results narrative; original PDF tables not recovered
Study limitations
Multiple behavioral comparisons, endpoint-specific group sizes and precise uncertainties need table recovery.
Deltaran is the tested DSIP-containing formulation; no result for isolated DSIP can be inferred.
The 2015 dissertation used separate doses/routes; it is not confirmed as independent replication of every experiment.
Reviewed 2026-11-08.
Read the source ↗2017 · Amino-acid analysis of Pineamin and three organ peptide preparationsCortexin versus Cerebrolysin · composition: Higher Cortexin amounts of several amino acids per mg of preparation
2017Analytical / composition studyFull text available
Free and hydrolysis-released amino acids; the measurements do not identify intact peptide sequences. · Original journal article
Format: Original publisher text and Table 2 checked; selected three-batch arithmetic audited, original PDF not recovered · Reviewed: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations
A. O. Rudenko, T. E. Eltysheva, M. M. Dyakonov · Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 19(1):129–136
Pineamin’s reported measured amino-acid total was 731.23 µg/mg of lyophilizate. Taurine and ornithine were detected, and three reported batch averages do not match the displayed batch values.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Pineamin’s reported measured amino-acid total was 731.23 µg/mg of lyophilizate. Taurine and ornithine were detected, and three reported batch averages do not match the displayed batch values.
Laboratory composition comparison of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin, Retinalamin and Pineamin; three Pineamin manufacturing batches
Results · Original publisher text and Table 2 checked; selected three-batch arithmetic audited, original PDF not recovered
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Pineamin · reported amino-acid total
731.23 µg/mg lyophilizate
Batch totals 736.5, 713.7 and 743.5 µg/mg; Table 2.
Reported Table 2 averages; these do not identify intact peptides.
Retinalamin · measured amino-acid total
563.74 µg/mg lyophilizate
Table 2 comparator; taurine 4.1 µg/mg, ornithine not displayed.
Cortexin versus Cerebrolysin · composition
Higher Cortexin amounts of several amino acids per mg of preparation
The authors report roughly 6.5–7-fold for Asp, Glu and Tyr, ninefold for serine and twelvefold for arginine. This is a chemical comparison.
Batch-average discrepancies
Met 8.55 reported vs 7.50 recalculated; Ile 22.35 vs 27.73; Leu 39.50 vs 33.53 µg/mg
Arithmetic means calculated from the three displayed values. The cause of the disagreement is unresolved.
Table 2 · selected Pineamin batch values (µg/mg)
Table 2 · selected Pineamin batch values (µg/mg)
Analyte
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Printed mean
Recalculated mean if discrepant
Asp
86
78.3
83.8
82.70
—
Glu
171.1
161.6
172
168.23
—
Lys
67.5
65.8
70.1
67.80
—
Taurine
9.15
7.27
7.37
7.93
—
Ornithine
18.7
20.6
16.1
18.47
—
Met
8.29
8.81
5.41
8.55
7.50
Ile
21.9
38.5
22.8
22.35
27.73
Leu
38.6
21.6
40.4
39.50
33.53
Total
736.5
713.7
743.5
731.23
—
Selected published rows. Recalculated values identify reporting inconsistencies; the printed averages are preserved. These are amino acids measured in the preparation, not individual peptide sequences.
Chemical characterization helps distinguish the preparations. It cannot establish that amino-acid contents explain stress resistance, and it does not identify which peptides were present.
Laboratory composition comparison of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin, Retinalamin and Pineamin; three Pineamin manufacturing batches
Source reviewed
Original publisher text and Table 2 checked; selected three-batch arithmetic audited, original PDF not recovered
Study limitations
Amino-acid totals are not the molecular-mass distribution or an inventory of intact peptides.
The mass denominator and formulation excipients matter when comparing liquid and lyophilized organ preparations.
Table discrepancies are left visible; they are not silently corrected.
Reviewed 2026-11-08.
Read the source ↗2003 · Cerebrolysin and cognitive measures in childhood autism and Asperger syndromePositive effects: 89% in childhood autism and 8/8 in the Asperger subgroup
2003Human study · design details unresolvedEnglish abstract
M. G. Krasnoperova, V. M. Bashina, I. A. Skvortsov, N. V. Simashkova · Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2003;103(6):15–18. PMID 12872620.
The authors reported positive effects in 89% of the childhood-autism group and all 8 children in the Asperger subgroup. Reported changes included receptive and expressive speech, fine motor skills, and play.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Uncontrolled inpatient treatment series. The authors combined clinical observation with instrument-assisted testing of cognition and communication.
Dose, route and schedule
The indexed abstract describes 0.1 mL per microinjection by intramuscular and perineural routes over five days. The same-year companion article specifies ten microinjections per day for five sessions. This describes a historical research procedure.
Protocol source ↗ · Original indexed abstract and same-year companion article
Results · Original indexed abstract; likely overlapping same-year report for the dosing and CGI details
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Positive effects
89% in childhood autism and 8/8 in the Asperger subgroup
The abstract reports greater cognitive change in the Asperger subgroup (p < 0.005).
Domains with reported changes
Expressive and receptive language, fine motor performance, and play
Moderate or marked global improvement
The likely overlapping companion report gives 10% and 63%, respectively, using its stricter Clinical Global Impression threshold.
Safety
The indexed abstract reports no negative effects. The small series does not establish safety.
The 89% and 100% figures describe positive effects as summarized in the indexed abstract. The companion article applied a different threshold for global improvement. Neither analysis included an untreated comparator.
27 inpatients aged 2–8: 19 with childhood autism and 8 with Asperger syndrome, using the paper’s diagnostic categories.
Source reviewed
Original indexed abstract and a same-year article by the same research team. The companion article matches the group sizes and procedure and is treated as likely overlapping.
Study limitations
All children received treatment. Differences between diagnostic subgroups cannot estimate benefit versus placebo.
The companion article describes concurrent rehabilitation and a stricter global-improvement endpoint. Full text for the indexed paper was not located.
Reviewed 2026-11-10.
Read the source ↗2006 · Cerebrolysin plus antipsychotics in childhood autism: 180-day observationCARS score: 37.7 at baseline to 32.6 at day 180
2006Human study · design details unresolvedEnglish abstract
Cerebrolysin added to typical antipsychotics · Original clinical journal article
M. G. Radzivil, V. M. Bashina · Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2006;106(2):21–25. PMID 16548370.
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score fell from 37.7 to 32.6 by day 180 during combination treatment (p < 0.001 versus baseline). The authors rated 71% of participants substantially improved at the final visit.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Open prospective series followed for 180 days. All participants received both Cerebrolysin and typical antipsychotics.
Dose, route and schedule
Two courses of 15 intramuscular injections of 1.0 mL each, given every other day, with a two-month interval between courses. Typical antipsychotics continued at age-adjusted doses.
25 children aged 3–8 with childhood autism in an open prospective study.
Source reviewed
Original indexed abstract checked for the regimen, 180-day follow-up and outcome values. Full text was not located.
Study limitations
There was no Cerebrolysin-only, placebo, or antipsychotic-only arm in the indexed report.
The reported absence of clinical deterioration does not establish that adverse events were systematically collected or absent.
Reviewed 2026-11-10.
Read the source ↗2017 · Cerebrolysin in childhood autism: clinical and EEG findingsSigns of improvement at end of course: 27/43 (62.8%) improved; 16/43 (37.2%) had no positive change
2017Human study · design details unresolvedFull text available
L. S. Chutko, E. A. Yakovenko, S. Yu. Surushkina, E. M. Kryukova, S. V. Palaieva · Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2017;117(9):71–75. PMID 29053124.
After treatment, 27/43 children (62.8%) showed signs of improvement and 16/43 showed none. The authors reported increased hyperactivity in 16 children during treatment and in 10 at day 60.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Uncontrolled before–after study of 43 children. The authors compared two clinical subgroups defined using their historical classification. All children received Cerebrolysin.
Dose, route and schedule
Fifteen intramuscular injections of 2.0 mL each, given every other day. The article reports no other therapy during that period. CARS was measured at baseline and on days 30 and 60. EEG was repeated at day 60.
Results · Original journal article, methods and narrative results
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Signs of improvement at end of course
27/43 (62.8%) improved; 16/43 (37.2%) had no positive change
Day 30
Improvement by subgroup
13/23 (56.5%) in the “endogenous” group and 14/20 (70.0%) in the “organic” group
Parent reports; both groups received Cerebrolysin.
Increased hyperactivity
16/43 during treatment and 10/43 (23.3%) at day 60
The paper prints 37.8% for the first count; 16/43 is 37.2%.
CARS and EEG at follow-up
CARS decreased in both subgroups. The authors reported regional alpha and theta changes and no newly detected epileptiform activity.
Day 60
An uncontrolled study cannot separate treatment effects from time, expectation, or measurement. The EEG observation applies only to this selected sample, which excluded children with epilepsy.
43 children aged 4–6 with ICD-10 childhood autism. The authors assigned 23 and 20 children to two historical clinical subgroups. Children with epilepsy were excluded.
Source reviewed
Original publisher text checked for clinical outcomes, EEG methods and adverse effects. The numerical CARS table image could not be verified.
Study limitations
Both subgroups received Cerebrolysin. Baseline CARS scores differed and there was no untreated or placebo group.
Parent observations and EEG changes cannot establish an autism treatment effect. Exclusion of children with epilepsy limits safety interpretation.
Reviewed 2026-11-10.
Read the source ↗2026 · Cerebrolysin: CADASIL lifespan-use patent — US12589118B2Mortality: 0/14 Cerebrolysin-treated versus 5/14 (36%) vehicle-treated mice
2026Patent / reported experimentsFull text available
Patent-defined substance or composition · Patent publication
Format: Original patent text and indexed metadata · Reviewed: Claims, selected reported findings and limitations reviewed; supporting experiments not comprehensively appraised.
Stefan Winter, Herbert Mössler · US12589118B2 · patent family 59745228
Cerebrolysin was associated with fewer deaths, while white-matter vacuolization did not improve.
Results and tables
Reported patent results
Reported findings
Cerebrolysin was associated with fewer deaths, while white-matter vacuolization did not improve.
CADASIL mouse experiment: 28 animals, 14 per treatment group, followed from age 12 to 18 months.
Results · Experimental example and Figures 1 and 4; mortality narrative and histology values.
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Mortality
0/14 Cerebrolysin-treated versus 5/14 (36%) vehicle-treated mice
No human participants · Age 12–18 months
White-matter vacuoles
26 ± 5 with Cerebrolysin (n=14) versus 22 ± 7 with vehicle (n=8)
Mean ± SD; no significant improvement · Histological endpoint · p=0.12
Small animal experiment, not human longevity evidence. The absence of an effect on the pathology measure is retained alongside the survival result.
CADASIL mouse experiment: 28 animals, 14 per treatment group, followed from age 12 to 18 months.
Source reviewed
Original patent publication accessed through Google Patents. Claims, selected reported findings and source limitations checked. The results section identifies the examples, tables and any numerical extraction gaps. No complete experimental audit, prosecution review or legal claim construction was performed.
Study limitations
Animal survival and a granted use claim do not demonstrate longer human lifespan, general longevity benefit or efficacy across all stroke populations.
Small animal experiment, not human longevity evidence. The absence of an effect on the pathology measure is retained alongside the survival result.
Patents record claimed inventions and supporting disclosures. Publication or grant does not establish clinical efficacy, safety or marketing approval. Members of one patent family and related journal reports can describe the same experiments.
Status labels are Google Patents index snapshots for the displayed publication or application; each record lists the review date. Official registers and every national family member have not been independently checked. These labels do not establish freedom to operate.
Reviewed 2026-11-06.
Read the source ↗2001 · Cerebrolysin in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: 28-week placebo-controlled trialADAS-Cog at week 16: 3.2-point difference favoring Cerebrolysin (p<0.0001).
Double-blind trial. 76 assigned to Cerebrolysin and 73 to placebo. Intravenous 30 mL five days weekly for four weeks, repeated after a two-month treatment-free interval.
149 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Source reviewed
Original abstract checked for selected methods and findings.
Study limitations
The trial followed patients for 28 weeks and does not establish a lasting effect on disease progression.
Reviewed 2026-11-12.
Read the source ↗2006 · Three Cerebrolysin doses in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s diseaseADAS-Cog at week 24: The 10 mL arm improved (p=0.038). The 30 and 60 mL arms did not significantly improve cognition.
The 10 mL arm improved (p=0.038). The 30 and 60 mL arms did not significantly improve cognition.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Randomized double-blind groups received 10 mL (69), 30 mL (70), 60 mL (71) or placebo (69). Infusions were given five days weekly for four weeks, then twice weekly for eight weeks.
Results · Original abstract.
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
ADAS-Cog at week 24
The 10 mL arm improved (p=0.038). The 30 and 60 mL arms did not significantly improve cognition.
Global clinical outcome
The abstract reports improvement across the three Cerebrolysin doses.
Adverse events
The abstract describes similar proportions across study arms.
Cognitive findings varied by dose. The abstract omits detailed score differences and adverse-event counts.
279 patients assigned to three infusion doses or placebo
Source reviewed
Original abstract checked for selected methods and findings.
Study limitations
Cognitive findings varied by dose. The abstract omits detailed score differences and adverse-event counts.
Reviewed 2026-11-12.
Read the source ↗2015 · Cerebrolysin in Alzheimer’s disease: pooled randomized trialsCognition at four weeks: Standardized mean difference −0.40 (95% CI −0.66 to −0.13).
Chen CC, Wei ST, Tsaia SC, Chen XX, Cho DY · Br J Neurosurg 27:803-807
At 12 weeks, CASI cognitive-score improvement was 21.0 ± 20.4 points with Cerebrolysin versus 7.6 ± 12.1 with saline placebo (p=0.0461).
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
At 12 weeks, CASI cognitive-score improvement was 21.0 ± 20.4 points with Cerebrolysin versus 7.6 ± 12.1 with saline placebo (p=0.0461).
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin 30 mL intravenously daily over 60 minutes for five days; matched saline administration in controls. Historical study methods, not personal-use instructions.
32 patients with mild traumatic brain injury; all completed.
Source reviewed
Primary indexed abstract and publication metadata checked through Europe PMC on 1 November 2026. Full-text methods not reviewed.
Study limitations
Small phase II pilot with several cognitive tests and timepoints. This does not establish benefit across all brain injuries.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2023 · Add-on treatment with Cerebrolysin improves clinical symptoms in patients with ALS: results from a prospective, single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, phase II studyALSFRS-R change: +2.3 versus −0.9 points
Firstenfeld AJ, Listorti J, Jalaff N, Loaiza Orozco CP, Navarrete Gosdenovich F, Schurr T · J Med Life 16:1750-1755
At one month, ALSFRS-R improved 2.3 points with add-on Cerebrolysin while declining 0.9 points with placebo (p=0.005).
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
At one month, ALSFRS-R improved 2.3 points with add-on Cerebrolysin while declining 0.9 points with placebo (p=0.005).
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin 10 mL intravenously five days/week in month one and three days/week in months two and three; riluzole 50 mg twice daily in both groups. Historical study methods, not personal-use instructions.
20 patients with ALS, randomized 1:1; riluzole in both groups.
Source reviewed
Primary indexed abstract and publication metadata checked through Europe PMC on 1 November 2026. Full-text methods not reviewed.
Study limitations
Single-center phase II pilot, ten patients per arm; short functional findings do not establish survival benefit.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2020 · Safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in acute brain injury and neurorecovery: CAPTAIN I-a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, Asian-Pacific trialPrimary intention-to-treat composite: MW 0.63 (95% CI 0.48–0.77)
Poon W, Matula C, Vos PE, Muresanu DF, von Steinbüchel N, von Wild K, Hömberg V, Wang E, Lee TMC, Strilciuc S, Vester JC · Neurol Sci 41:281-293
The primary intention-to-treat composite did not reach conventional statistical significance: MW 0.63 (95% CI 0.48–0.77). Per-protocol analysis favored Cerebrolysin (p=0.0240), as did selected cognitive tests.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
The primary intention-to-treat composite did not reach conventional statistical significance: MW 0.63 (95% CI 0.48–0.77). Per-protocol analysis favored Cerebrolysin (p=0.0240), as did selected cognitive tests.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin 50 mL/day intravenously for 10 days, then two additional ten-day cycles at 10 mL/day; matched saline plus standard care. Historical study methods, not personal-use instructions.
Not statistically significant at 0.05; abstract reports p<0.1
Per-protocol composite
MW 0.69 (95% CI 0.53–0.85)
p=0.0240
Selected cognitive outcomes
Stroop p=0.0415; Color Trails 1 p=0.0223; Color Trails 2 p=0.0170
Primary and per-protocol findings differ; selected positive tests are not a positive primary intention-to-treat result. Small exploratory trial; CAPTAIN pooled and follow-up papers should not be counted as new participants.
CAPTAIN I: 46 traumatic-brain-injury patients, Cerebrolysin 22 and saline 24.
Source reviewed
Primary indexed abstract and publication metadata checked through Europe PMC on 1 November 2026. Full-text methods not reviewed.
Study limitations
Primary and per-protocol findings differ; selected positive tests are not a positive primary intention-to-treat result.
Small exploratory trial; CAPTAIN pooled and follow-up papers should not be counted as new participants.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2013 · A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial about safety and efficacy of combined treatment with alteplase (rt-PA) and Cerebrolysin in acute ischaemic hemispheric strokeDay-90 modified Rankin Scale: No benefit; trial stopped at third interim analysis
Lang W, Stadler CH, Poljakovic Z, Fleet D, Lyse Study Group · Int J Stroke 8:95-104
The trial stopped after an interim analysis found no day-90 modified Rankin Scale benefit. Early neurological responder analyses favored Cerebrolysin at days 2, 5, 10 and 30.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
The trial stopped after an interim analysis found no day-90 modified Rankin Scale benefit. Early neurological responder analyses favored Cerebrolysin at days 2, 5, 10 and 30.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin 30 mL/day intravenously for 10 days versus placebo, starting one hour after alteplase; acute enrollment within three hours of symptom onset. Historical study methods, not personal-use instructions.
119 acute ischemic-stroke patients treated with alteplase.
Source reviewed
Primary indexed abstract and publication metadata checked through Europe PMC on 1 November 2026. Full-text methods not reviewed.
Study limitations
The primary disability endpoint was neutral; early secondary responder findings do not establish a day-90 benefit.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2000 · A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of Cerebrolysin for Alzheimer's diseaseADAS-Cog improvement: 82% versus 31.6%
Bae CY, Cho CY, Cho K, Hoon Oh B, Choi KG, Lee HS, Jung SP, Kim DH, Lee S, Choi GD, Cho H, Lee H · J Am Geriatr Soc 48:1566-1571
After four weeks, ADAS-Cog improvement was reported in 82% with Cerebrolysin versus 31.6% with placebo. Global and MMSE ratings also favored treatment; daily-living scales did not.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
After four weeks, ADAS-Cog improvement was reported in 82% with Cerebrolysin versus 31.6% with placebo. Global and MMSE ratings also favored treatment; daily-living scales did not.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin 30 mL intravenously Monday–Friday for four weeks versus placebo. Historical study methods, not personal-use instructions.
No significant between-group improvement in ADL, IADL or GDS
Short trial; improved cognitive ratings did not translate into demonstrated ADL or IADL benefit. Rounded response percentages are retained as reported rather than converted to participant counts.
53 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: 34 Cerebrolysin, 19 placebo.
Source reviewed
Primary indexed abstract and publication metadata checked through Europe PMC on 1 November 2026. Full-text methods not reviewed.
Study limitations
Short trial; improved cognitive ratings did not translate into demonstrated ADL or IADL benefit.
Rounded response percentages are retained as reported rather than converted to participant counts.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2026 · Expert Council resolution: adjunctive pharmacotherapy for hyperkinetic disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in children and adolescentsCortexin, Cerebrolysin and Semax: Group B: limited evidence base for ADHD
Lapochkin OL, Zykov VP, Zavadenko NN, Goryunov AV, Chutko LS, Barhatova AN, Koren EV, Kupriyanova TA, Skoromets AP, Grechany SV, Nesterovsky YE, Goryunova AV, Komarova IB, Barkhatov MV, Sulimov AV, Tsotsonava ZM, Makarov IV · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 126(9. Vyp. 2)
The expert council places Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Semax in Group B, its category for preparations with a limited evidence base in ADHD. It discusses adjunctive use within psychoeducation and behavioral care, rather than replacement of established first-line treatment.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
The expert council places Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Semax in Group B, its category for preparations with a limited evidence base in ADHD. It discusses adjunctive use within psychoeducation and behavioral care, rather than replacement of established first-line treatment.
Results · Indexed abstract checked
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Semax
Group B: limited evidence base for ADHD
Document type
Expert-council resolution
Council meeting 16 July 2026; publication 22 October 2026
Expert consensus and evidence appraisal, not a new efficacy trial. The assessment concerns childhood ADHD, not every clinical use of these preparations.
Expert-council assessment of adjunctive ADHD pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents; no new patient trial.
Source reviewed
Primary publication metadata and indexed abstract checked through Europe PMC on 31 October 2026. No unavailable effect sizes inferred. Publisher page confirms online publication 2026-10-22.
Study limitations
Expert consensus and evidence appraisal, not a new efficacy trial. The assessment concerns childhood ADHD, not every clinical use of these preparations.
Reviewed 2026-10-31.
Read the source ↗2026 · Adjunctive Cerebrolysin therapy following mechanical thrombectomy for tandem right internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery occlusion with residual post-procedural perfusion deficit: a case reportClinical observation: One 57-year-old man
Eichel R, Mausbach S, Teicher M, Bornstein NM · Journal of medicine and life 19(8)
After thrombectomy and adjunctive Cerebrolysin, NIHSS improved from 7 to 1 within hours. The patient was discharged on day five with mild residual cognitive deficits. Recovery was already unfolding around treatment initiation, so the case cannot isolate a Cerebrolysin contribution.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
After thrombectomy and adjunctive Cerebrolysin, NIHSS improved from 7 to 1 within hours. The patient was discharged on day five with mild residual cognitive deficits. Recovery was already unfolding around treatment initiation, so the case cannot isolate a Cerebrolysin contribution.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin 30 mL in 250 mL saline intravenously daily for four consecutive days, beginning after thrombectomy and stenting. Reported case regimen, not a prescribing recommendation.
Protocol source ↗ · Original full-text XML, methods and results checked
Results · Original full-text XML, methods and results checked
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Clinical observation
One 57-year-old man
NIHSS
7 → 1 within hours
After thrombectomy and adjunctive care; no isolated drug effect
Hospital course
Discharged on day 5 with mild residual cognitive deficits
Reported Cerebrolysin regimen
30 mL in 250 mL saline intravenously daily for 4 days
First dose at 12:24 after the procedure
Single case without a comparator. Successful recanalization, spontaneous recovery and concurrent care are alternative explanations. August publication newly indexed in October, not an October trial.
One 57-year-old man after thrombectomy and carotid stenting for tandem arterial occlusion.
Source reviewed
Original full-text XML from Europe PMC checked on 31 October 2026, including methods and results. Case timeline and four-day infusion regimen checked; treatment cannot be separated from reperfusion and spontaneous recovery.
Study limitations
Single case without a comparator. Successful recanalization, spontaneous recovery and concurrent care are alternative explanations. August publication newly indexed in October, not an October trial.
Reviewed 2026-10-31.
Read the source ↗2025 · Efficacy of Cerebrolysin Treatment as an Add-On Therapy to Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Large Vessel Occlusion in Anterior Circulation: Results of a 3-Month Follow-up of a Prospective, Open Label, Single-Center Study.Functional independence, mRS 0–2: 68% versus 44%
Staszewski J, Dębiec A, Strilciuc S, Gniadek-Olejniczak K, Piusinska-Macoch R, Balo D, Harston G, Stępień A, Brzozowski K, Zięcina P, Narloch J, Wierzbicki M, Piasecki P · Translational stroke research. 2025.
Functional independence at 90 days was more frequent in the treated cohort, while mortality did not differ significantly.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Functional independence at 90 days was more frequent in the treated cohort, while mortality did not differ significantly.
50 treated thrombectomy patients versus 50 propensity-matched historical controls; selected for small infarct core, good collaterals and successful reperfusion.
Dose, route and schedule
30 mL intravenously within eight hours of stroke onset, continued to day 21, followed by a second course at days 69–90. This was adjunctive treatment after mechanical thrombectomy.
Median neurological deficit score; lower is better · Day 7 · p=0.01
Barthel Index
77 [IQR 32] versus 63 [IQR 50]
Treated versus control · Day 30 · p=0.03
Barthel Index
86 [IQR 22] versus 75 [IQR 29]
Treated versus control · Day 90 · p=0.01
Mortality
2% versus 6% at day 30; 8% versus 12% at day 90
No significant between-group difference · p>0.1
Adjusted functional-outcome association
OR 7.5; 95% CI 1.8–30.9
Model-adjusted estimate, distinct from the crude OR · Day 90
Nonrandomized historical comparison. The 12-month report follows the same NCT04904341 cohort. The source’s hemorrhage RR is reproduced rather than recalculated from rounded percentages.
Selected patients had good collateral circulation and successful reperfusion.
The 2026 twelve-month report (PMID 41739286) follows this cohort; it is not an independent trial.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2025 · Cerebrolysin as an adjuvant therapy after mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion cardioembolic stroke: a propensity score matching analysis.Functional independence, mRS 0–2: 48/75 (64%) versus 26/75 (34.7%)
Results · Original full text from the repository, with numerical results and table context checked on 1 November 2026
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Functional independence, mRS 0–2
48/75 (64%) versus 26/75 (34.7%)
Treated versus historical controls · Day 90 · p<0.001
Matched functional independence
33/51 (65%) versus 16/51 (31%)
Rounded percentages as printed in Table 2 · Day 90 · p<0.001
Any hemorrhagic transformation
15/75 (20%) versus 43/75 (57.3%)
Matched: 13/51 (25.5%) versus 29/51 (56.9%) · p<0.001 full cohort; p=0.001 matched
Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation
2/75 (2.7%) versus 31/75 (41.3%)
Matched: 2/51 (3.9%) versus 22/51 (43.1%) · p<0.001 in both comparisons
Overall mortality
4/75 (5.3%) versus 24/75 (32%)
Matched: 3/51 (5.9%) versus 12/51 (24%, rounded as printed) · p<0.001 as reported
MoCA cognition
30 [23–30] versus 29.5 [17–30]
Median [range]; no significant difference · Day 90 · p=0.13; matched p=0.20
Matched NIHSS
5 [1–15] versus 6 [1–16]
No significant difference in the matched subset · Day 90 · p=0.08
Sepsis
3/75 (4.0%) versus 10/75 (13.3%)
Matched: 2/51 versus 6/51; difference no longer significant · p=0.045 full cohort; p=0.14 matched
Disability and neurological scores: full versus matched samples
Disability and neurological scores: full versus matched samples
Outcome / time
Treated n=75
Historical n=75
p
Matched treated n=51
Matched control n=51
p
mRS day 14
3 [1–6]
4 [1–6]
0.02
3 [1–6]
4 [1–6]
0.044
mRS day 30
2 [0–5]
3 [1–6]
<0.001
3 [0–5]
3 [1–6]
0.004
mRS day 90
2 [0–6]
3 [0–6]
<0.001
2 [0–6]
4 [0–6]
<0.001
NIHSS day 14
7 [2–19]
10 [2–28]
<0.001
7 [2–18]
10 [2–28]
<0.001
NIHSS day 30
5 [0–17]
8 [1–20]
0.01
5.5 [1–16]
8 [1–20]
0.02
NIHSS day 90
5 [0–16]
6 [1–16]
0.02
5 [1–15]
6 [1–16]
0.08
MoCA day 90
30 [23–30]
29.5 [17–30]
0.13
30 [23–30]
30 [17–30]
0.20
Selected Table 2 outcomes; medians [range]. Full and matched samples are analyses of the same participants, not separate trials.
Historical controls and residual confounding limit causal interpretation. Large outcome differences are observations, not confirmed treatment effects. Table 3 contains inconsistent subrows; questionable cells are not silently corrected.
75 treated and 75 historical-control patients with cardioembolic stroke after thrombectomy
Source reviewed
Original full text from the repository, with numerical results and table context checked on 1 November 2026
Study limitations
Nonrandomized historical comparison; propensity matching does not establish causation.
Selected cardioembolic stroke population; results cannot be generalized to all stroke patients.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2025 · Cerebrolysin, hemorrhagic transformation, and anticoagulation timing after reperfusion therapy in stroke: <i>post hoc</i> secondary analysis of the CEREHETIS trial.Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation: HR 0.245; 95% CI 0.072–0.837
Kalinin MN, Khasanova DR · Frontiers in pharmacology. 2025.
A secondary analysis found lower hemorrhage hazards in the higher-risk subgroup. The proposed anticoagulation windows are model outputs, not validated treatment instructions.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
A secondary analysis found lower hemorrhage hazards in the higher-risk subgroup. The proposed anticoagulation windows are model outputs, not validated treatment instructions.
238 middle-cerebral-artery infarctions from the existing CEREHETIS trial; low HTI 0 versus higher HTI 1–4 risk groups; 14-day survival modeling.
Results · Original full text from the repository, with numerical results and table context checked on 1 November 2026
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation
HR 0.245; 95% CI 0.072–0.837
Cerebrolysin versus control in higher-risk subgroup · 14-day analysis · p=0.020
Any hemorrhagic transformation
HR 0.543; 95% CI 0.297–0.991
Higher-risk subgroup · 14-day analysis · p=0.032
Modeled risk-equilibrium window
Days 1–3 versus days 3–5
Treated versus control in higher-risk subgroup; exploratory model, not a measured safe-start rule
Low-risk modeled stabilization
Day 2 in both groups
HTI 0 subgroup
Analyzed subset
238 of 341 original intention-to-treat participants
Middle-cerebral-artery infarction restriction
Post hoc analysis of CEREHETIS, not a new trial. Do not translate modeled risk stabilization into personal anticoagulation advice.
238 thrombolysis-treated patients in a secondary CEREHETIS analysis
Source reviewed
Original full text from the repository, with numerical results and table context checked on 1 November 2026
Study limitations
Post hoc analysis of an existing trial, not a new randomized comparison.
Modeled risk thresholds do not establish a safe time to start anticoagulation; prospective validation is required.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2025 · Evaluating the Effect of Cerebrolysin as an Adjuvant to Standard Therapy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Observational Study.NIHSS score, mean ± SD: 9.90 ± 2.90 → 3.40 ± 1.40 versus 10.10 ± 2.80 → 4.80 ± 1.30
In a non-randomized 143-patient stroke comparison, NIHSS fell from 9.90 to 3.40 with adjunctive Cerebrolysin versus 10.10 to 4.80 with standard care; more treated patients reached the reported independence categories.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
In a non-randomized 143-patient stroke comparison, NIHSS fell from 9.90 to 3.40 with adjunctive Cerebrolysin versus 10.10 to 4.80 with standard care; more treated patients reached the reported independence categories.
Prospective single-center observational comparison: Cerebrolysin + standard care 73; standard care 70.
Dose, route and schedule
30 mL intravenously daily for 14 days, added to standard stroke care.
143 adults: 73 adjunctive treatment, 70 standard care; recruited in 2016–2018
Source reviewed
Indexed primary-publication abstract checked; full methods and tables not appraised.
Study limitations
Nonrandomized single-center comparison with only 14 days of follow-up.
Published in 2025 but participants were recruited in 2016–2018; publication date is not the study date.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2025 · Effect of Cerebrolysin on Cognitive Function and Delirium in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients.Delirium: 0 Cerebrolysin cases versus 3 control cases
Stadnik A, Jezierska M, Płotek W, Siwicka D, Mlak R, Dąbrowski W · Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2025.
The report did not establish a between-group cognitive benefit. Delirium occurred in three controls and no treated patients, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Cardiac bypass surgery comparison: Cerebrolysin 29 patients versus control 26. 50 mL preoperatively and on the next four days; testing before surgery and on postoperative days 2 and 5.
Dose, route and schedule
50 mL before surgery and on the following four consecutive days. Route is not specified in the indexed abstract.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Delirium
0 Cerebrolysin cases versus 3 control cases
Difference not statistically significant
MoCA in the second assessment
Medians 27 and 24 as printed
p=0.0083
The abstract’s wording around the MoCA comparison is ambiguous. It also reports no between-group pre/post difference; the printed medians are not presented as proof of a cognitive benefit.
Indexed primary-publication abstract checked; full methods and tables not appraised.
Study limitations
Small comparison; absence of statistical significance does not establish equivalence.
The abstract contains inconsistent wording around one cognitive-score comparison; precise score interpretation requires the full tables.
Reviewed 2026-10-08.
Read the source ↗2025 · C-REGS2-A multinational, high-quality comparative effectiveness study of Cerebrolysin in moderate acute ischemic stroke.Ordinal mRS: MW 0.6157; 95% CI 0.5910–0.6404
Vosko MR, Sanak D, Do Y, Vatanagul JS, Roushdy T, Bornstein NM, Vester JC, Brainin M · International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society; 2025 Oct
C-REGS2 associated Cerebrolysin with better 90-day disability and cognitive outcomes in 1,769 patients. It was a prospective observational comparison, with no significant between-group difference in deaths or serious adverse events.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
C-REGS2 associated Cerebrolysin with better 90-day disability and cognitive outcomes in 1,769 patients. It was a prospective observational comparison, with no significant between-group difference in deaths or serious adverse events.
1,865 enrolled in 16 countries; target population 1,769 (1,021 treated, 748 controls); baseline NIHSS 8–15. Multilevel-adjusted, non-randomized comparison.
Dose, route and schedule
In this observational registry, the median Cerebrolysin dose was 30 mL and median treatment duration was ten days. These are cohort medians, not a uniform prescribed schedule; route and frequency are not given in the indexed abstract.
Different completeness measures; not the same denominator
Typical exposure
Median 30 mL; median duration 10 days
The MW statistic and odds ratios are not percentage-point gains in independence. Adjustment cannot remove every confounder. The paper reports manufacturer funding and relevant author relationships; safety neutrality is not proof of absence of rare harm.
Homberg V, Jianu DC, Stan A, Strilciuc Ș, Chelaru VF, Karliński M, Brainin M, Heiss WD, Muresanu DF, Enderby PM · Stroke; 2025 Apr
With speech therapy in both groups, the Cerebrolysin group showed greater improvement in language scores at 90 days than placebo, alongside neurological improvement.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
In ESCAS, day-90 language improvement was 35.579 ± 16.316 points with Cerebrolysin plus speech therapy versus 20.774 ± 12.486 with placebo plus speech therapy. The between-group difference was 14.805 points (95% CI 9.521–20.089).
Results · Primary indexed abstract checked
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Western Aphasia Battery change
35.579 ± 16.316 versus 20.774 ± 12.486 points
p<0.001
Between-group language difference
14.805 points; 95% CI 9.521–20.089
p<0.001
Enrollment / analysis
132 enrolled; 123 intention-to-treat; 120 per protocol
ESCAS: 132 enrolled; 123 in intention-to-treat analysis
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
Pilot trial in a selected nonfluent-aphasia population; generalizability is limited.
Difference between enrolled and analyzed populations requires full-methods review.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · Combined citicoline and Cerebrolysin for neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort analysis.Six-month neurological function: No statistically significant difference
Schlager P, Grgac I, Herzer G, Trimmel H · Frontiers in neurology; 2025
An 80-patient retrospective severe-TBI comparison found no statistically significant difference in six-month neurological function or mortality between citicoline alone and citicoline plus Cerebrolysin.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
An 80-patient retrospective severe-TBI comparison found no statistically significant difference in six-month neurological function or mortality between citicoline alone and citicoline plus Cerebrolysin.
Matched single-hospital retrospective cohorts, treated during 2012–2021.
Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract; no full-text table appraisal
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Six-month neurological function
No statistically significant difference
Combination versus citicoline alone · 6 months
Six-month mortality
No statistically significant difference
Combination versus citicoline alone · 6 months
Analyzed patients
80 overall
Arm sizes not supplied in the abstract
The abstract describes a favorable trend but does not report an effect size or event counts. A trend is not a demonstrated treatment benefit.
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
Retrospective, single-center comparison with baseline severity differences.
A favorable trend does not establish efficacy or combination synergy.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2026 · Cerebrolysin after Endovascular Thrombectomy in Stroke: 12‑Month Functional Outcomes in a Propensity‑Matched Cohort.Functional independence: Adjusted OR 6.10; 95% CI 1.64–22.66
Staszewski J, Dębiec A, Gniadek-Olejniczak K, Stępień A, Piusinska-Macoch R, Strilciuc S, Balo D, Harston G, Brzozowski K, Zięcina P, Narloch J, Wierzbicki M, Piasecki P · Translational stroke research; 2026 Feb
At 12 months, treated patients had better functional measures, while cumulative mortality was 18% in both groups.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
At 12 months, treated patients had better functional measures, while cumulative mortality was 18% in both groups.
Prespecified extension of the same 50 treated and 50 matched historical controls reported at three months, NCT04904341.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin: 30 mL/day for 21 days starting immediately after endovascular thrombectomy, with a second 21-day course at days 69–90. Route is not specified in the indexed abstract. This was adjunctive treatment in an observational comparison with historical controls.
Results · Original indexed abstract with documented cohort linkage. Numerical results checked on 1 November 2026.
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Functional independence
Adjusted OR 6.10; 95% CI 1.64–22.66
mRS 0–2; model-adjusted association with Cerebrolysin · 12 months · p<0.01
Favorable mRS shift
Common OR 3.57; 95% CI 1.42–8.93
Shift across disability-score categories · 12 months · p<0.01
Mortality
18% in each group
Cumulative deaths; no mortality difference · 12 months
Institutional care among survivors
6% versus 19%
Treated versus controls; survivor denominator, not all randomized patients · 12 months · Unadjusted OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.07–0.99
Barthel Index
92 [82–100] versus 83 [73–93]
Median [Q1–Q3]; treated versus controls · 12 months · p=0.01
This is follow-up of the existing observational cohort, not another trial. Adjusted odds ratios are not absolute response rates. Historical control and selected-patient effects remain possible.
Original indexed abstract with documented cohort linkage. Numerical results checked on 1 November 2026.
Study limitations
Twelve-month follow-up of the same 50 treated and 50 historical-control patients in PMID 40325343, registration NCT04904341; not an independent trial.
Historical controls and residual confounding limit causal interpretation.
The three- and twelve-month reports follow the same cohort.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2024 · [Cerebrolysin in the preventive therapy of dementia in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: a three-year prospective comparative study].Progression to Alzheimer’s dementia at three years: 2/48 (4.2%) with Cerebrolysin versus 12/46 (26.1%) in the comparison group.
Ponomareva EV, Androsova LV, Krynskiy SA, Gavrilova SI · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova; 2024
At three years, 2 of 48 Cerebrolysin recipients and 12 of 46 comparison participants had progressed to Alzheimer’s dementia.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
50 participants per group at enrollment. The treatment group received 20 intravenous infusions of 20 mL in 100 mL saline over four weeks, annually for three years. The comparison group received no placebo infusions. The analysis included 48 treated and 46 comparison participants.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin: 20 intravenous infusions of 20 mL diluted in 100 mL saline over four weeks; the course was repeated annually for three years in participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Progression to Alzheimer’s dementia at three years
2/48 (4.2%) with Cerebrolysin versus 12/46 (26.1%) in the comparison group.
Dementia or marked cognitive worsening
2/48 (4.2%) versus 18/46 (39.1%), including the dementia events.
MoCA in the treated group
25.35 at baseline, 26.06 at year one and 25.02 at year three. The year-three change was inconclusive (p=0.239).
This was an open study with a completer analysis. A placebo-controlled replication with masked assessment would clarify the dementia-conversion result.
Trimmel H, Tauber W, Zikeli M · Case reports in neurological medicine; 2024
A case report documents life-threatening anaphylaxis after intravenous Cerebrolysin in an 85-year-old stroke patient; the reaction was laboratory-confirmed and treated successfully.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
A case report documents life-threatening anaphylaxis after intravenous Cerebrolysin in an 85-year-old stroke patient; the reaction was laboratory-confirmed and treated successfully.
Single clinical safety case.
Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract; no full-text table appraisal
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Severe allergic reaction
1 documented anaphylaxis case
After intravenous Cerebrolysin; vital functions restored with treatment
Patient
85-year-old man with subacute stroke
A single report establishes a possible serious reaction, not its frequency among users.
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
A case report identifies a possible serious harm but cannot estimate its frequency.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2025 · Safety and feasibility of cerebrolysin in treatment of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (CLINCH)-a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint pilot trial.Planned enrollment: 88; no enrolled/result count reported
Kobayashi A, Rutkowska K, Gocyla-Dudar K, Chelstowska B, Pozarowszczyk N, Karlinski M · Frontiers in neurology; 2025
The paper describes a planned randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint pilot comparing Cerebrolysin plus standard care with standard care alone. It does not report completed trial outcomes.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
CLINCH trial protocol, not results: planned 88 lobar-hemorrhage patients, 1:1 allocation within six hours. IV Cerebrolysin 50 mL/day for 14 days plus standard care versus standard care.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Planned enrollment
88; no enrolled/result count reported
Eligibility
Hemorrhage volume 30–80 mL; GCS 8–15; NIHSS≥8
Stratification
Volume 30–50 versus 51–80 mL; GCS 8–12 versus 13–15
Planned primary outcomes
90-day mortality and mRS 0–2 at day 90
All values are planned protocol parameters. None is an observed efficacy or safety result.
CLINCH protocol: planned enrollment of 88 patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
Planned enrollment is not an observed patient count.
No efficacy or safety conclusion can be drawn from this protocol.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · [Cerebrolysin with reperfusion therapy in ischemic stroke: a prospective analysis of multimodal brain imaging data from the CEREHETIS trial].Axial diffusivity contrast: 259.05 × 10⁻⁶ mm²/s; 95% CI 142.19–375.91
CEREHETIS imaging subgroup: 16 treated and 17 controls
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
Small subgroup and surrogate imaging endpoints.
Same CEREHETIS program as other analyses; not independent replication.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2024 · [Cerebrolysin as an early add-on to reperfusion therapy: heterogeneous treatment effect analysis in ischemic stroke patients with varying risk of hemorrhagic transformation].Symptomatic HT treatment-effect heterogeneity: I² 36.98–69.3%; H² 1.59–3.26
Kalinin MN, Khasanova DR · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova; 2024
Reported treatment associations varied with baseline hemorrhagic-transformation risk; the low-risk subgroup showed neutral effects.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Post-hoc CEREHETIS analysis, 238 stroke patients; HTI-stratified hemorrhagic-transformation risk; favorable outcome mRS≤2 at day 90.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Symptomatic HT treatment-effect heterogeneity
I² 36.98–69.3%; H² 1.59–3.26
Any HT treatment-effect heterogeneity
I² 18.33–32.39%; H² 1.22–1.48
Reported reduction in symptomatic HT
3.8% at HTI=0 versus 14.3% at HTI≥2
p=0.120 versus p<0.001
Reported reduction in any HT
0.6% versus 19.5% in those risk strata
p=0.864 versus p<0.001
Reported mRS-score reduction
2.1% versus 63% in those risk strata
p=0.893 versus p<0.001
Reported increase in favorable outcomes
2% versus 19.2% in those risk strata
p=0.634 versus p<0.001
Risk-stratum percentages are reported as printed, without relabeling them as absolute percentage-point differences. This is a post-hoc analysis of an existing cohort.
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
Post hoc subgroup analysis is exploratory.
Overlaps the CEREHETIS trial and potentially its other language/version reports.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · [Cerebrolysin and the optimal timing of anticoagulation resumption in stroke: combined post hoc survival analysis of the CEREHETIS trial].Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation: HR 0.245; 95% CI 0.072–0.837
Kalinin MN, Khasanova DR · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova; 2025
The analysis modeled hemorrhagic-transformation risk over time and reported lower hazards with Cerebrolysin in selected risk groups.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Post-hoc CEREHETIS analysis: Cerebrolysin plus thrombolysis/standard care 91 versus thrombolysis/standard care 147; separate validation cohort 248. Hemorrhagic transformation assessed within 14 days.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation
HR 0.245; 95% CI 0.072–0.837
p=0.02
Any hemorrhagic transformation
HR 0.543; 95% CI 0.297–0.991
p=0.032
Modeled daily hazard threshold
0.6% per day
A modeling choice, not an observed treatment benefit
High-risk HTI 1–4: threshold timing
Day 2 with Cerebrolysin; days 3–5 in comparison cohorts
Very-high-risk HTI 5–8: hazardous period
Through day 10
Validation cohort only
Low-risk HTI=0
Below threshold from day 1; no measurable drug effect
Post-hoc model; this table does not recommend anticoagulation timing. These 238 trial patients overlap the related CEREHETIS publication.
CEREHETIS post hoc analysis plus observational validation cohort
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
Model-derived anticoagulation timing is not validated prescribing guidance.
Reuses CEREHETIS participants; separate publication does not mean independent confirmation.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2026 · Exosomes Released by Cerebrolysin-Treated Cerebral Endothelial Cells Reverse Fibrin- or tPA-Impaired Endothelial Cell Permeability.
Teng H, Li C, Wang M, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chopp M, Zhang ZG · Cells; 2026 May
Exosomes from Cerebrolysin-treated cells improved barrier-related measures after fibrin or tPA challenge, with changes in inflammatory and tight-junction proteins.
Population / setting
Cerebral endothelial-cell permeability assays
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed.
Study limitations
Exosome preparations are not interchangeable with administered Cerebrolysin.
Cell experiments do not establish clinical stroke benefit.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · Is Cerebrolysin Useful in Psychiatry Disorders?
Authors not supplied · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD; 2026 Jun
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2026 · Retraction Note to: Timed Release of Cerebrolysin Using Drug-Loaded Titanate Nanospheres Reduces Brain Pathology and Improves Behavioral Functions in Parkinson's Disease.
2026Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2026 · Retraction Note: Neurotrophic effects of Cerebrolysin in the Mecp2<sup>308/Y</sup> transgenic model of Rett syndrome.
2026Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Doppler E, Rockenstein E, Ubhi K, Inglis C, Mante M, Adame A, Crews L, Hitzl M, Moessler H, Masliah E · Acta neuropathologica; 2026 Mar
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2026 · Retraction Note: Cerebrolysin Attenuates Exacerbation of Neuropathic Pain, Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown and Cord Pathology Following Chronic Intoxication of Engineered Ag, Cu or Al (50-60 nm) Nanoparticles.
2026Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Sharma HS, Feng L, Chen L, Huang H, Tian ZR, Nozari A, Muresanu DF, Lafuente JV, Castellani RJ, Wiklund L, Sharma A · Neurochemical research; 2026 May
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · Retraction Note: Cerebrolysin™ efficacy in a transgenic model of tauopathy: role in regulation of mitochondrial structure.
2025Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Rockenstein E, Ubhi K, Trejo M, Mante M, Patrick C, Adame A, Novak P, Jech M, Doppler E, Moessler H, Masliah E · BMC neuroscience; 2025 Dec
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · Retraction Note: Neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin in triple repeat Tau transgenic model of Pick's disease and fronto-temporal tauopathies.
2025Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Rockenstein E, Ubhi K, Mante M, Florio J, Adame A, Winter S, Brandstaetter H, Meier D, Masliah E · BMC neuroscience; 2025 Mar
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2025 · Retraction Note to: Co-Administration of TiO2 Nanowired Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Cerebrolysin Potentiates Neprilysin Level and Reduces Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease.
2025Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Lafuente JV, Patnaik R, Tian ZR, Ozkizilcik A, Castellani RJ, Mössler H, Sharma A · Molecular neurobiology; 2025 Jan
Retraction notice for the paper named in this record. The retracted findings are not presented as supporting evidence.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
This notice is not an additional efficacy study.
The reason and scope of the retraction require the publisher notice; no reason is inferred here.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2026 · Editorial Expression of Concern: Neurofibrillary and neurodegenerative pathology in APP-transgenic mice injected with AAV2-mutant TAU: neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin.
2026Correction / retraction / concern noticeBibliographic record
Ubhi K, Rockenstein E, Doppler E, Mante M, Adame A, Patrick C, Trejo M, Crews L, Paulino A, Moessler H, Masliah E · Acta neuropathologica; 2026 Mar
An editorial expression of concern was issued for the named experimental paper. It is flagged for source appraisal, not treated as a retraction.
Population / setting
Publication-status notice
Source reviewed
Indexed record and available abstract checked; full text not reviewed. Evidence category checked against indexed publication types, population indexing and available abstract on 2026-10-16; this does not imply full-text methods appraisal.
Study limitations
An expression of concern differs from a retraction; the underlying findings require caution and review of the notice.
Full methods and risk of bias have not been independently assessed.
Reviewed 2026-10-07.
Read the source ↗2012 · Cerebrolysin in patients with acute ischemic stroke in Asia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trialCombined primary outcome: No significant between-group difference
Cerebrolysin preparation administered intravenously as an adjunct to acute stroke care, compared with placebo; background treatment included aspirin.
Heiss WD, Brainin M, Bornstein NM, Tuomilehto J, Hong Z, Cerebrolysin Acute Stroke Treatment in Asia (CASTA) Investigators · Stroke · PMID 22282884
The combined primary outcome showed no significant benefit. A favorable signal in more severe strokes arose in post-hoc analysis.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
CASTA: 1,070 patients, randomized within 12 hours; Cerebrolysin 529 versus placebo 541. Intravenous 30 mL/day for ten days plus aspirin 100 mg/day; 90-day follow-up.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin: 30 mL intravenously daily for 10 days, starting within 12 hours of stroke onset. Background treatment included aspirin 100 mg/day; the comparison used placebo.
Indexed citation and abstract reviewed via Europe PMC / PubMed; full methods and risk of bias not comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
The severe-stroke subgroup is exploratory, not confirmation of efficacy.
The meta-analyses that include CASTA already account for this trial.
Reviewed 2026-10-05.
Read the source ↗2006 · Comparative analysis of efficacy of certain neuroprotectors in ischemic strokeModerate-stroke clinical effects: Described as similar across the compared preparations
Two comparative series: 35 patients in a Cortexin–Nootropil comparison and 45 in a Cortexin–Cerebrolysin comparison
Source reviewed
Indexed citation and abstract reviewed via Europe PMC / PubMed; full methods and risk of bias not comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
Allocation, masking and usable between-group effect estimates are unclear.
This is not a reliable head-to-head ranking or proof of equivalence.
Reviewed 2026-10-05.
Read the source ↗2012 · Histostructural changes of rat cerebral cortex during hemorrhagic stroke modelingDegenerative neurons after secondary stroke: 25.5 ± 0.8 cells/mm²
Rat models of primary and secondary hemorrhagic stroke; brain histology
Source reviewed
Indexed citation and abstract reviewed via Europe PMC / PubMed; full methods and risk of bias not comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
Histological changes in rats do not establish human functional recovery or safety in brain hemorrhage.
A separately named preparation, Cerebral, is not treated as interchangeable with Cortexin or Cerebrolysin.
Reviewed 2026-10-05.
Read the source ↗2025 · Safety and Efficacy of Cerebrolysin for Neurorecovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 14 Randomized Controlled Trials
The review reports a neurological-scale benefit, but functional independence and mortality were not significantly improved.
Population / setting
2025 meta-analysis reporting 14 randomized trials
Source reviewed
Full PMC article: study-characteristic and outcome tables 1–8 checked. Primary trial datasets and forest-plot inputs have not been independently reconstructed.
Study limitations
Table 8 calls hemorrhagic transformation statistically significant, contrary to the abstract’s wording; the discrepancy remains in the publication.
Tables 2, 5 and 6 list both CARS-1 and the pooled CARS report. CARS denominators also differ between tables (448 versus 240). Cohort independence and extraction need reconciliation.
Safety totals differ between the headline sample and Table 8. Numerical pooled effects are withheld rather than treated as verified estimates.
Reviewed 2026-10-05.
Read the source ↗2026 · Efficacy and Safety of Cerebrolysin as an Adjunct to Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Afridi A, Sajjad F, Arshad A, Shahid I, Fatima NE, Alam U, Hoti RK, Abdullah M, Khan S, GhanimAl-Badri S, Khan S, Bakkar MA, Saeed A, Ali A, Khan LA, Kamil KA · Brain and behavior · PMID 41880098
Authors report favorable recovery and safety associations, but inconsistent denominators prevent reliable interpretation of the quoted estimates.
Population / setting
2026 review of three observational thrombectomy-adjunct studies
Source reviewed
Full PMC article: study-characteristic tables and results narrative checked. Original cohort records and repeated follow-up observations still require reconstruction.
Study limitations
Table 1 totals 148 treated and 146 controls, while the abstract gives incompatible functional-outcome and mortality denominators.
Mortality is pooled across several follow-up times; independence of repeated observations needs verification. Staszewski is dated 2025 in Table 1 but 2022 in the results.
Three observational cohorts cannot establish a randomized adjunct effect. The original datasets are needed before relying on the pooled numbers.
Reviewed 2026-10-05.
Read the source ↗2007 · Comparison of behavioral effects of cortexin and cerebrolysin injected into brain ventricles.
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Shabanov PD, Lebedev AA, Stetsenko VP, Lavrov NV, Markov SV, Vojeikov IV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine
Kirov-associated comparison reports behavioral activation with both Cortexin and Cerebrolysin.
Population / setting
Wistar rats; direct injection into brain ventricles
Source reviewed
Citation and indexed abstract checked. Full methods, funding and risk of bias have not been comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
Experimental administration and animal behavior do not establish clinical superiority, equivalence or a human treatment protocol.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2015 · Peptide profiling of Internet-obtained Cerebrolysin using high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization ion trap and ultra high performance liquid chromatography - ion mobility - quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry.
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Gevaert B, D'Hondt M, Bracke N, Yao H, Wynendaele E, Vissers JP, De Cecco M, Claereboudt J, De Spiegeleer B · Drug testing and analysis
Mass spectrometry identified 638 peptides, mainly from structural proteins; named classical neurotrophic-factor fragments were not detected.
Population / setting
An Internet-obtained preparation sample
Source reviewed
Citation and indexed abstract checked. Full methods, funding and risk of bias have not been comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
One sample and a particular analytical method cannot characterize every batch. Non-detection is not proof of universal absence.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2016 · Cerebrolysin and Recovery After Stroke (CARS): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial.Action Research Arm Test at day 90: Mann–Whitney estimator 0.71; 95% CI 0.63–0.79
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Muresanu DF, Heiss WD, Hoemberg V, Bajenaru O, Popescu CD, Vester JC, Rahlfs VW, Doppler E, Meier D, Moessler H, Guekht A · Stroke
The exploratory trial reports better upper-limb motor recovery at day 90.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
CARS: randomized double-blind placebo comparison in early stroke rehabilitation. Cerebrolysin 30 mL/day for 21 days, starting 24–72 hours after stroke; rehabilitation for 21 days.
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin: 30 mL once daily for 21 days, beginning 24–72 hours after stroke onset, alongside a standardized rehabilitation program. The indexed abstract does not specify the route.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Action Research Arm Test at day 90
Mann–Whitney estimator 0.71; 95% CI 0.63–0.79
p<0.0001
Global status across 12 outcome scales
Mann–Whitney estimator 0.62; 95% CI 0.58–0.65
p<0.0001
Premature discontinuation
3.8%
These are nonparametric effect-size estimators, not 71% or 62% improvements. Authors describe the trial as exploratory; the indexed abstract does not state the sample size.
Citation and indexed abstract checked. Full methods, funding and risk of bias have not been comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
Authors call for a larger confirmatory trial. Rehabilitation and timing define the setting; this is not evidence of healthy-person enhancement.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2016 · Cerebrolysin combined with rehabilitation promotes motor recovery in patients with severe motor impairment after stroke.Overall motor recovery: No significant between-group difference
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Chang WH, Park CH, Kim DY, Shin YI, Ko MH, Lee A, Jang SY, Kim YH · BMC neurology
Among 70 randomized stroke patients, overall motor improvement did not differ significantly between Cerebrolysin and placebo. A severe-impairment subgroup favored Cerebrolysin; imaging changes were also reported.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Among 70 stroke patients, overall motor recovery did not differ significantly between Cerebrolysin and placebo. A severe-impairment subgroup favored Cerebrolysin. Imaging findings were also reported.
70 subacute stroke patients randomized 35 per group
Source reviewed
Citation and indexed abstract checked. Full methods, funding and risk of bias have not been comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
Subgroup findings should not replace the overall result or be generalized to all stroke patients.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2016 · [Effect of cerebrolysin on remyelination processes in multiple sclerosis patients in stage of relapse regression].Completed treatment: 17/20 (85%) versus 18/20 (90%)
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Khabirov FA, Khaybullin TI, Granatov EV, Shakirzianova SR · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova
No between-group EDSS difference was reported; selected functional and neurophysiological measures differed.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
40 patients recovering from an MS relapse: 20 Cerebrolysin versus 20 saline after methylprednisolone 1,000 mg/day for five days. Cerebrolysin 20 mL/day for ten administrations; follow-up 3–4 weeks.
Dose, route and schedule
After methylprednisolone 1,000 mg/day for five days, the study used Cerebrolysin 20 mL in 200 mL saline once daily for ten administrations, compared with saline. This was sequential adjunctive treatment during recovery from an MS relapse.
40 patients during regression of a multiple-sclerosis relapse after steroid treatment
Source reviewed
Citation and indexed abstract checked. Full methods, funding and risk of bias have not been comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
Short follow-up, attrition and a very small MRI subset limit interpretation. Surrogate changes do not establish remyelination.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2017 · Safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in motor function recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis of the CARS trials.ARAT at day 90: Mann–Whitney effect size 0.62
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Guekht A, Vester J, Heiss WD, Gusev E, Hoemberg V, Rahlfs VW, Bajenaru O, Popescu BO, Doppler E, Winter S, Moessler H, Muresanu D · Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
Individual-participant analysis reports a favorable motor-recovery result during early rehabilitation.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Individual-patient meta-analysis of CARS-1/2; 442 patients. Cerebrolysin 30 mL/day for three weeks starting 24–72 hours after stroke; standardized 21-day rehabilitation.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
ARAT at day 90
Mann–Whitney effect size 0.62
p<0.0001
Early NIHSS at days 14/21
Mann–Whitney effect size 0.59
p<0.002
NNT for clinically relevant early NIHSS change
7.1; 95% CI 4–22
Combines two trials already represented elsewhere. Mann–Whitney estimates are not percentage improvements; last-observation-carried-forward analysis was used.
Citation and indexed abstract checked. Full methods, funding and risk of bias have not been comprehensively appraised.
Study limitations
High risk of bias, heterogeneity and potentially clinically small effects. No quality-of-life or caregiver-burden data; industry support where funding was reported.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2020 · Efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in neurorecovery after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: results from the CAPTAIN II trial.Day-90 primary composite: MW 0.59; 95% CI 0.52–0.66
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture; equivalence to other hydrolysates is not assumed · Journal publication
Muresanu DF, Florian S, Hömberg V, Matula C, von Steinbüchel N, Vos PE, von Wild K, Birle C, Muresanu I, Slavoaca D, Rosu OV, Strilciuc S, Vester J · Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
CAPTAIN II reports improvement in a multidimensional outcome at 90 days with adjunctive treatment.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
CAPTAIN II enrolled 142 patients and analyzed 139. The day-90 composite favored Cerebrolysin: MW 0.59 (95% CI 0.52–0.66; p=0.0119).
Dose, route and schedule
Cerebrolysin: 50 mL/day for ten days, followed by two further ten-day cycles at 10 mL/day. The indexed abstract does not specify the intervals between cycles.
Ziganshina LE, Abakumova T, Nurkhametova D, Ivanchenko K · Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD007026. PMID 37818733
The pooled mortality analysis of Cerebrolysin or Cortexin found probably little or no difference (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.65–1.41; 6 trials, 1,689 participants).
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
2023 Cochrane review: seven randomized trials, 1,773 participants; includes a 272-person Cortexin trial. Mortality analysis: six trials, 1,689 participants.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Mortality mixes two preparations; the serious-event estimates concern Cerebrolysin. A risk ratio whose interval crosses 1 is not a proven reduction or increase. Underlying trials overlap other pages.
R. S. Umnov, N. S. Linkova, V. Kh. Khavinson · Adv Gerontol. 26(4):671–678. PMID 24738258
A gateway review comparing polypeptide complexes (Cortexin and Cerebrolysin) with short peptides (Semax, Cortagen and Pinealon). It discusses older populations and cellular mechanisms; the abstract supplies no trial-quality assessment.
Population / setting
Review of earlier research
Source reviewed
Indexed English abstract checked; Russian full text not retrieved.
Study limitations
Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.