The effect of the amino acids and cardiogen on the development of myocard tissue culture from young and old rats
Heart-explant response
Proliferation increased and p53 expression decreased; numerical effect size not supplied
Cardiogen stimulated proliferation in heart-tissue cultures from young and old rats and reduced p53 expression. The tested concentration was 10⁻¹² M; the abstract gives no proliferation effect size.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Myocardial explants from rats aged 3 and 24 months.
Design Myocardial explants from rats aged 3 and 24 months.
Test concentration
10⁻¹² M
Important limitations
Explanted rat tissue, not human cardiac recovery. Reduced p53 is an assay finding and cannot alone establish safety or tissue regeneration.
Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii 2009 · Journal publication
Tumor-modifying effect of cardiogen peptide on M-1 sarcoma in senescent rats
Tumor response
Dose-dependent growth inhibition and increased apoptosis reported; numerical magnitude not supplied
Cardiogen inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent pattern, with more tumor-cell apoptosis and hemorrhagic necrosis. The authors linked this to tumor vasculature rather than a direct cytostatic effect.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Senescent rats with transplanted M-1 sarcoma.
Design Senescent rats with transplanted M-1 sarcoma.
Important limitations
An experimental rat tumor study; the abstract supplies no tumor-volume difference, dose schedule or human cancer outcomes.
Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 2009 · Journal publication
Review connects vascular extracts, KED and AEDR experimental research
Study of multiple preparations
Preparations reviewed
Vascular polypeptide preparation, KED and AEDR
Endothelial findings
KED restored elevated ET-1 expression toward normal in reported culturesCultures derived from patients are not a clinical treatment trial
Cardiac findings
AEDR experimental cardioprotection summarizedAnimal experiments; no new human trial
The review brings together vascular polypeptide, KED and AEDR research. It describes changes in endothelial endothelin-1 expression, vascular hemodynamics and experimental myocardial injury. These preparation-specific observations are preclinical; the review supplies no new human cardiovascular efficacy trial.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Review of vascular-polypeptide, KED and AEDR experiments in endothelial cultures and animal cardiovascular models.
Important limitations
Review of earlier experiments, not independent replication. Vascular extracts, KED and AEDR are different preparations; effects cannot be transferred between them. Exact publication day is not supplied by the index; newly indexed 28 October 2026.
Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii 39(4) · Journal publication
A synthetic four-amino-acid peptide, AEDR, investigated in rat heart-tissue cultures and other experimental models. The studies below describe cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene-related responses.
AEDR tetrapeptide studied in rat heart explants and tumor models. Heart-culture proliferation and p53 changed; no human cardiac recovery has been established.
Compound class
Short peptide research
Research collection
Peptide bioregulation · editorial grouping
Research institutions
No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review
Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.
02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH
Understanding the evidence
Human research
No human cardiovascular benefit established by the linked experiments
Study methods
Primary rat-tissue and animal publications plus separate patent evidence
Independent replication
Independent replication not established by this collection
Source access
Primary-publication records linked; full-text versus abstract review shown per source
Safety evidence
Incomplete assessment; findings do not establish safety for personal use
Open a topic for the evidence assessment.
More findings, background and history
What remains unclear
The available experimental studies leave human benefit and safety uncertain.
No human intervention report has been identified among the linked records; unclassified archival leads may remain. Several publications can describe the same participants.
Evidence belongs to the preparation actually studied. A tissue extract and a synthetic peptide can belong to the same research tradition without having equivalent effects or safety.
PATENT RESEARCH / COLLECTION UPDATED 7 NOVEMBER 2026
Patents and claimed inventions
These 1 grouped records distinguish claimed molecules, uses, formulations and related chemistry. Patent disclosure does not establish clinical benefit or approval.
2010 · US7662789B2 · Peptide substance restoring myocardium function — US7662789B2Molecule · 7.35 ± 0.26 in oxygen-deprived cells versus 1.97 ± 0.26 after peptide
Reported findings
The patent reports altered cellular respiration under oxygen deprivation and leukocyte changes in longer animal observations.
Succinate-related respiration coefficient
7.35 ± 0.26 in oxygen-deprived cells versus 1.97 ± 0.26 after peptideCellular respiration ratio; oxygen consumption in normally oxygenated cells was not altered
Animal leukocytes
11.2 ± 0.8 versus 9.4 ± 0.5 control at 3 months; 11.9 ± 0.5 versus 9.6 ± 0.5 at 6 months×10^9/L; 24 animals per displayed group
Molecule. The claim concerns Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg (AEDR), the Cardiogen sequence; EP1758923 belongs to this family and is not the respiratory AEDL peptide.
A patent disclosure is not clinical proof, marketing approval or a legal opinion. Related publications and patent family members may describe the same experiments.
2009 · The effect of the amino acids and cardiogen on the development of myocard tissue culture from young and old ratsHeart-explant response: Proliferation increased and p53 expression decreased; numerical effect size not supplied
Chalisova NI, Lesniak VV, Balykina NA, Urt'eva SA, Urt'eva TA, Sukhonos IuA, Zhekalov AN · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii 2009
Cardiogen stimulated proliferation in heart-tissue cultures from young and old rats and reduced p53 expression. The tested concentration was 10⁻¹² M; the abstract gives no proliferation effect size.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Cardiogen stimulated proliferation in heart-tissue cultures from young and old rats and reduced p53 expression. The tested concentration was 10⁻¹² M; the abstract gives no proliferation effect size.
Myocardial explants from rats aged 3 and 24 months.
Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Heart-explant response
Proliferation increased and p53 expression decreased; numerical effect size not supplied
Test concentration
10⁻¹² M
Explanted rat tissue, not human cardiac recovery. Reduced p53 is an assay finding and cannot alone establish safety or tissue regeneration.
Myocardial explants from rats aged 3 and 24 months.
Source reviewed
Original-publication metadata and indexed abstract checked in Europe PMC. No unavailable full-text figures inferred.
Study limitations
Explanted rat tissue, not human cardiac recovery. Reduced p53 is an assay finding and cannot alone establish safety or tissue regeneration.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2009 · Tumor-modifying effect of cardiogen peptide on M-1 sarcoma in senescent ratsTumor response: Dose-dependent growth inhibition and increased apoptosis reported; numerical magnitude not supplied
Levdik NV, Knyazkin IV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 2009
Cardiogen inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent pattern, with more tumor-cell apoptosis and hemorrhagic necrosis. The authors linked this to tumor vasculature rather than a direct cytostatic effect.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Cardiogen inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent pattern, with more tumor-cell apoptosis and hemorrhagic necrosis. The authors linked this to tumor vasculature rather than a direct cytostatic effect.
Senescent rats with transplanted M-1 sarcoma.
Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Tumor response
Dose-dependent growth inhibition and increased apoptosis reported; numerical magnitude not supplied
An experimental rat tumor study; the abstract supplies no tumor-volume difference, dose schedule or human cancer outcomes.
Original-publication metadata and indexed abstract checked in Europe PMC. No unavailable full-text figures inferred.
Study limitations
An experimental rat tumor study; the abstract supplies no tumor-volume difference, dose schedule or human cancer outcomes.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2026 · Peptidergic regulation of age-related alterations in the cardiovascular systemPreparations reviewed: Vascular polypeptide preparation, KED and AEDR
Ryzhak GA, Popovich IG, Kozina LS, Arutionov VA, Arutjunyan AV · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii 39(4)
The review brings together vascular polypeptide, KED and AEDR research. It describes changes in endothelial endothelin-1 expression, vascular hemodynamics and experimental myocardial injury. These preparation-specific observations are preclinical; the review supplies no new human cardiovascular efficacy trial.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
The review brings together vascular polypeptide, KED and AEDR research. It describes changes in endothelial endothelin-1 expression, vascular hemodynamics and experimental myocardial injury. These preparation-specific observations are preclinical; the review supplies no new human cardiovascular efficacy trial.
Results · Indexed abstract checked
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Preparations reviewed
Vascular polypeptide preparation, KED and AEDR
Endothelial findings
KED restored elevated ET-1 expression toward normal in reported cultures
Cultures derived from patients are not a clinical treatment trial
Cardiac findings
AEDR experimental cardioprotection summarized
Animal experiments; no new human trial
Review of earlier experiments, not independent replication. Vascular extracts, KED and AEDR are different preparations; effects cannot be transferred between them. Exact publication day is not supplied by the index; newly indexed 28 October 2026.
Review of vascular-polypeptide, KED and AEDR experiments in endothelial cultures and animal cardiovascular models.
Source reviewed
Primary publication metadata and indexed abstract checked through Europe PMC on 31 October 2026. No unavailable effect sizes inferred.
Study limitations
Review of earlier experiments, not independent replication. Vascular extracts, KED and AEDR are different preparations; effects cannot be transferred between them. Exact publication day is not supplied by the index; newly indexed 28 October 2026.
Reviewed 2026-10-31.
Read the source ↗2006 · The tissue-specific effect of synthetic peptides-biologic regulators in organotypic tissues culture in young and old rats
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kantemirova R, Kozlov K · Cells 12(1):106 (2023 issue; online December 2022). DOI 10.3390/cells12010106
Discusses KED and AEDR. The reported AEDR rat-infarction benefit cites US patent 7,662,789 as reference 123; it is not presented here as a newly recovered peer-reviewed animal trial.
Population / setting
Cardiovascular senescence, cell models and animal research
Source reviewed
Full-text XML checked, including AEDR discussion and patent reference 123.
Study limitations
Claims about AEDR detection in heart complex are review-reported; original analytical evidence remains a recovery target.
Patent examples and experimental biomarkers do not establish clinical cardiovascular protection.
Reviewed 2026-09-29.
Read the source ↗2010 · Peptide substance restoring myocardium function — US7662789B2Succinate-related respiration coefficient: 7.35 ± 0.26 in oxygen-deprived cells versus 1.97 ± 0.26 after peptide
2010Patent / reported experimentsFull text available
V. Kh. Khavinson, G. A. Ryzhak, E. I. Grigoriev, I. Yu. Ryadnova · US patent 7,662,789 B2
Original patent behind the rat-infarction claim in the 2023 cardiovascular review. Kept separate from clinical evidence and peer-reviewed primary experiments.
Results and tables
Reported patent results
Reported findings
The patent reports altered cellular respiration under oxygen deprivation and leukocyte changes in longer animal observations.
Cardiogen/AEDR animal and isolated-cardiomyocyte studies; no human cardiac-treatment cohort established in this patent review.
Results · Isolated-cardiomyocyte respiration narrative and longer-term Table 9.
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Succinate-related respiration coefficient
7.35 ± 0.26 in oxygen-deprived cells versus 1.97 ± 0.26 after peptide
Cellular respiration ratio; oxygen consumption in normally oxygenated cells was not altered
Animal leukocytes
11.2 ± 0.8 versus 9.4 ± 0.5 control at 3 months; 11.9 ± 0.5 versus 9.6 ± 0.5 at 6 months
×10^9/L; 24 animals per displayed group · p<0.05
Cellular bioenergetics and animal blood counts do not establish improved cardiac outcomes in patients. A leukocyte change is not interchangeable with an absence of biological effects.
V. Kh. Khavinson, A. Yu. Solovyev, S. I. Tarnovskaya, N. S. Linkova · Biology Bulletin Reviews 3(6):451–455
Mechanistic review with a table of 15 short peptides on page 453. Tissue labels in the research map are the authors’ proposed targets, not established clinical indications.
Population / setting
Review of earlier research
Source reviewed
Author-hosted English PDF and its peptide table checked. Each cited experiment remains a separate appraisal task.
Study limitations
Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.