Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging
Study of multiple preparations
Differentiation markers
CXCL12/Hoxa3 or CXCL12/WEGC1 expression increased in the corresponding cultures
Pancragen increased differentiation-marker expression in pancreatic cells, Bronchogen in bronchial cells, and Vesugen in prostatic fibroblasts. Responses were more pronounced in aged cultures.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Human embryonic pancreatic and bronchial cell cultures, plus human prostatic fibroblasts, compared at different passage ages.
Design Human embryonic pancreatic and bronchial cell cultures, plus human prostatic fibroblasts, compared at different passage ages.
Different peptides were tested in different cell types; this is not a combination trial or evidence of organ recovery in patients. No numerical effect sizes are supplied.
Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 2012 · Journal publication
Prospects of using pancragen for correction of metabolic disorders in elderly people
Baseline nighttime melatonin in diabetes
70% lower than healthy comparison
Glucose, insulin and insulin-resistance changes with Pancragen
Reductions reportedNo numerical treatment effect in abstract
Reports glucose, insulin and insulin-resistance measures in older patients, including comparison with patients not receiving Pancragen.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model 30 healthy older people and 33 older people with type-2 diabetes
Design Older participants: 30 healthy and 33 with type 2 diabetes. Pancragen-treated and untreated diabetic observations described.
Important limitations
The 30 healthy participants are not established as a randomized treatment-control arm; treated subgroup sizes, blinding and allocation require full methods. Full methods, adverse-event reporting and independent replication remain to be appraised.
The 70% difference describes the diabetic state, not the Pancragen response.
Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 151(4):454-456. PMID 22448364 · Journal publication
Impact of tetrapeptide pancragen on endocrine function of the pancreas in old monkeys
Insulin/C-peptide peak timing
5 and 15 minutes after glucose in baseline experiments
Persistence of reported pancreatic response
Partly maintained three weeks after treatment stopped
Treatment effect magnitude
Not numerically quantified in abstract
Reports glucose-clearance and insulin/C-peptide changes after treatment, with some changes persisting after withdrawal.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations
Participants or model Old female rhesus monkeys; younger comparison animals
Design Older female rhesus monkeys; Pancragen 50 micrograms/animal/day IM for ten days; glucose-tolerance measurements.
Important limitations
Non-human primates; no human efficacy or safety conclusion follows. Full methods, adverse-event reporting and independent replication remain to be appraised.
Values describe this study and its comparison. Unreported effect sizes and missing denominators have not been inferred.
A short peptide containing four amino acids, listed in the 2013 bioregulator catalogue in connection with pancreatic function. This is a research target, not an established treatment benefit.
A peptide research entry in the Khavinson evidence map. Direct studies, related extract findings, institute reports and unresolved claims are distinguished below.
Compound class
Short peptide research
Research collection
Peptide bioregulation · editorial grouping
Research institutions
No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review
Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.
02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH
Understanding the evidence
Human research
Original human reports linked; methods and cohort overlap need appraisal
Study methods
Mechanistic review / source table
Independent replication
Independent replication not established by this collection
Source access
See source-specific abstracts, institute reports and explicit review scopes
Safety evidence
Incomplete assessment; findings do not establish safety for personal use
Open a topic for the evidence assessment.
More findings, background and history
What remains unclear
Group assignment, comparators, planned outcomes, effect estimates, adverse events and possible participant overlap are key limits to interpreting the studies.
Human reports are linked; their presence does not establish effectiveness. Several publications can describe the same participants.
Evidence belongs to the preparation actually studied. A tissue extract and a synthetic peptide can belong to the same research tradition without having equivalent effects or safety.
Pancreas: the molecular link
Pancreatic polypeptide complex → Pancragen / KEDW
The 2020 composition paper reports KEDW in pancreatic complex.
Clinical evidence and limitations
The evidence map now links a 2011 Pancragen human report, alongside separate primate and cell studies. Thirty healthy comparison subjects are not automatically randomized treatment controls.
Full clinical methods, treatment allocation and preparation details still need appraisal before interpreting metabolic outcomes.
Related preparations
Some references concern related extracts, reviews or molecular identification rather than direct studies of this compound.
PATENT RESEARCH / COLLECTION UPDATED 7 NOVEMBER 2026
Patents and claimed inventions
These 1 grouped records distinguish claimed molecules, uses, formulations and related chemistry. Patent disclosure does not establish clinical benefit or approval.
Selected cases report lower glucose and reduced background medication requirements; no independent peptide effect is established.
Insulin-treated case
Fasting glucose 17.8 → 3.4 mmol/L; insulin 40 → 32 units/dayDischarge on day 15One individual; concurrent care continued
Oral-treatment case
Fasting glucose 11 → 6 mmol/L by day 2; background oral drug subsequently reducedDay 2 and subsequent courseOne selected patient, not a randomized comparison
Patent-defined substance or composition · Patent publication
Format: Original patent text and indexed metadata · Reviewed: Claims, selected reported findings and limitations reviewed; supporting experiments not comprehensively appraised.
Insulin adjustment, diet, inpatient care and selection prevent attribution. No long-term HbA1c, controlled remission or diabetes-cure estimate is established; the patent specifies an amidated peptide.
Pancragen-related KEDW-NH2 patent diabetes case examples during ongoing insulin or oral antidiabetic care.
Source reviewed
Original patent publication accessed through Google Patents. Claims, selected reported findings and source limitations checked. The results section identifies the examples, tables and any numerical extraction gaps. No complete experimental audit, prosecution review or legal claim construction was performed.
Study limitations
Terminal chemistry matters: the claimed KEDW-NH2 must not be assumed identical to every KEDW product with a free acid terminus.
Insulin adjustment, diet, inpatient care and selection prevent attribution. No long-term HbA1c, controlled remission or diabetes-cure estimate is established; the patent specifies an amidated peptide.
Patents record claimed inventions and supporting disclosures. Publication or grant does not establish clinical efficacy, safety or marketing approval. Members of one patent family and related journal reports can describe the same experiments.
Status labels are Google Patents index snapshots for the displayed publication or application; each record lists the review date. Official registers and every national family member have not been independently checked. These labels do not establish freedom to operate.
Reviewed 2026-11-06.
Read the source ↗2012 · Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their agingDifferentiation markers: CXCL12/Hoxa3 or CXCL12/WEGC1 expression increased in the corresponding cultures
Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Polyakova VO, Kheifets OV, Tarnovskaya SI, Kvetnoy IM · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 2012
Pancragen increased differentiation-marker expression in pancreatic cells, Bronchogen in bronchial cells, and Vesugen in prostatic fibroblasts. Responses were more pronounced in aged cultures.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Pancragen increased differentiation-marker expression in pancreatic cells, Bronchogen in bronchial cells, and Vesugen in prostatic fibroblasts. Responses were more pronounced in aged cultures.
Human embryonic pancreatic and bronchial cell cultures, plus human prostatic fibroblasts, compared at different passage ages.
Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Differentiation markers
CXCL12/Hoxa3 or CXCL12/WEGC1 expression increased in the corresponding cultures
Different peptides were tested in different cell types; this is not a combination trial or evidence of organ recovery in patients. No numerical effect sizes are supplied.
Human embryonic pancreatic and bronchial cell cultures, plus human prostatic fibroblasts, compared at different passage ages.
Source reviewed
Original-publication metadata and indexed abstract checked in Europe PMC. No unavailable full-text figures inferred.
Study limitations
Different peptides were tested in different cell types; this is not a combination trial or evidence of organ recovery in patients. No numerical effect sizes are supplied.
Reviewed 2026-11-01.
Read the source ↗2011 · Prospects of using pancragen for correction of metabolic disorders in elderly peopleBaseline nighttime melatonin in diabetes: 70% lower than healthy comparison
Synthetic peptide / defined-sequence research · Journal publication
Korkushko OV, Khavinson VKh, Shatilo VB, Antonyk-Sheglova IA, Bondarenko EV · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 151(4):454-456. PMID 22448364
Reports glucose, insulin and insulin-resistance measures in older patients, including comparison with patients not receiving Pancragen.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Older participants: 30 healthy and 33 with type 2 diabetes. Pancragen-treated and untreated diabetic observations described.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Baseline nighttime melatonin in diabetes
70% lower than healthy comparison
Glucose, insulin and insulin-resistance changes with Pancragen
Reductions reported
No numerical treatment effect in abstract
The 70% difference describes the diabetic state, not the Pancragen response.
30 healthy older people and 33 older people with type-2 diabetes
Source reviewed
Europe PMC indexed citation and abstract checked. Full original paper not reviewed.
Study limitations
The 30 healthy participants are not established as a randomized treatment-control arm; treated subgroup sizes, blinding and allocation require full methods.
Full methods, adverse-event reporting and independent replication remain to be appraised.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2014 · Impact of tetrapeptide pancragen on endocrine function of the pancreas in old monkeysInsulin/C-peptide peak timing: 5 and 15 minutes after glucose in baseline experiments
Old female rhesus monkeys; younger comparison animals
Source reviewed
Europe PMC indexed citation and abstract checked. Full original paper not reviewed.
Study limitations
Non-human primates; no human efficacy or safety conclusion follows.
Full methods, adverse-event reporting and independent replication remain to be appraised.
Reviewed 2026-09-30.
Read the source ↗2015 · Correction of impaired glucose tolerance using tetrapeptide (Pancragen) in old female rhesus monkeysBasal glucose: Decreased in both groups
Compared glucose and endocrine responses with glimepiride; the groups showed different insulin/C-peptide patterns.
Results and tables
Reported findings and study design
Nine female rhesus monkeys aged 20–25: Pancragen five animals, glimepiride four. Pancragen 0.05 mg/animal/day IM versus glimepiride 4 mg/animal/day orally, ten days.
Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
Measure
Result
Comparison, timing and statistics
Basal glucose
Decreased in both groups
Insulin/C-peptide response
Different drug-related patterns reported
No numerical glucose/hormone differences supplied
A 5-versus-4 animal comparison, not a human diabetes efficacy or safety trial.
I. K. Zhurkovich, N. G. Kovrov, G. A. Ryzhak, E. S. Mironova, V. Kh. Khavinson · Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii 140(2):140–148
Reports KED in vessel complex, AED in cartilage, EDG and AEDL in bronchial mucosa, EDR in brain and KEDW in pancreas. This strengthens sequence-level links in the research program.
Population / setting
Animal-organ polypeptide complexes analyzed by UHPLC–MS
Source reviewed
Author-hosted Russian PDF: citation and indexed abstract checked; full analytical validation and product-batch equivalence not appraised.
Study limitations
Molecular detection does not prove identical pharmacology or clinical equivalence.
The paper’s discussion of clinical work is not an independent clinical trial.
Reviewed 2026-09-29.
Read the source ↗2013 · Mechanism of Biological Activity of Short Peptides: Cell Penetration and Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
V. Kh. Khavinson, A. Yu. Solovyev, S. I. Tarnovskaya, N. S. Linkova · Biology Bulletin Reviews 3(6):451–455
Mechanistic review with a table of 15 short peptides on page 453. Tissue labels in the research map are the authors’ proposed targets, not established clinical indications.
Population / setting
Review of earlier research
Source reviewed
Author-hosted English PDF and its peptide table checked. Each cited experiment remains a separate appraisal task.
Study limitations
Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.