DSIPДельта-сон-индуцирующий пептид
What is it?
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a nine-amino-acid experimental peptide, with sequence Trp–Ala–Gly–Gly–Asp–Ala–Ser–Gly–Glu. Its name comes from early sleep experiments; it does not establish a reliable sleep-inducing effect in people.
Identity / background source ↗
Research context
A peptide first characterized in Swiss sleep research and later studied in Soviet/Russian analogue and stress-adaptation programmes. Ordinary DSIP, modified analogues and piracetam combinations have distinct evidence.
- Working classification
- Experimental nonapeptide
- Research collection
- Neuropeptide research · editorial grouping
- Institutional provenance
- Neurocybernetics Institute, Rostov State University; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
- Last evidence review
- Full evidence review pending; source-check scope appears with each publication below.
What do we know?
- Human research
- —Small insomnia studies with conflicting results; uncontrolled withdrawal report
- Study methods
- —Short studies, baseline imbalances and incomplete full-text appraisal
- Independent replication
- —Animal analogue results do not replicate ordinary DSIP efficacy; overlapping reports need checking
- Source access
- —Indexed abstracts, original-paper repository and critical-review full text
- Safety evidence
- —Long-term safety and safety of marketed preparations are not established by these records
These are independent review fields, not a rating. Missing evidence in this starter does not mean no research exists.
Sleep, peptide structure and stress adaptation.
The 1977 Schoenenberger–Monnier report anchors the Swiss discovery. Soviet and Russian investigators later studied modified peptides and stress-related metabolism. These are connected research histories, not interchangeable evidence for an ordinary DSIP product.
Original characterization ↗1. Ordinary DSIP: mixed human sleep results
1987 · positive report
Schneider-Helmert’s small study reported improved sleep and daytime performance in 14 patients. It supplies a positive result, not definitive confirmation.
14-patient study ↗1987 · little clinical significance
Monti and colleagues found that apparent stage-2 and NREM differences were already present at baseline. Slow-wave and REM sleep were unchanged.
Crossover study ↗1992 · weak effects
In 16 patients, selected objective measures improved, but effects were weak and subjective sleep quality did not change. The authors judged substantial short-term benefit unlikely.
Matched-pairs study ↗2. Modified DSIP analogues: structure changes the outcome
The 1986 rabbit and rat experiments tested chemically modified peptides. Full-length D-Trp¹ and D-Tyr¹ analogues could promote sleep while a shortened fragment produced different effects. These findings must not be attributed to ordinary DSIP.
Rabbit experiment ↗ · Rat structure–activity study ↗ · Comparative report ↗
The 2001 comparison of 13 analogues
- Ordinary DSIP and most analogues: no statistically significant sleep effect.
- N-MeAla²-DSIP and Pro²-DSIP: increased slow-wave sleep.
- β-Ala²-DSIP: suppressed sleep.
Peptides were administered into rabbit brain ventricles. The experimental route and modified structures prevent direct extrapolation to marketed injections or nasal products.
Original Russian record ↗3. Rostov stress research and DSIP + piracetam
The 1995 combination study examined restricted movement and neurotransmitter amino-acid balance. The 1999 study examined membrane metabolism during hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Both are rat experiments; stronger combined effects in their abstracts do not establish formal synergy or human benefit.
1995 combination paper ↗ · 1999 hyperoxia paper ↗ · Combination matrix ↗ · Piracetam ↗
Hyperoxia is excess oxygen, not hypoxia. The oxygen-toxicity and seizure experiments do not establish protection from oxygen deprivation. Separate hypokinesia work investigated proteolytic enzymes and possible regulation of other peptides.
Oxygen-pressure experiment ↗ · Proteolysis study ↗
Identity and mechanism remain research questions
Kovalzon and Strekalova’s 2006 review questioned whether synthetic DSIP fully represented the endogenous material detected by antibody assays. DSIP-like immunoreactivity is not itself molecular identification. Their proposed endocrine explanation and receptor questions are historical hypotheses, not settled mechanisms.
Critical review ↗Other clinical history
The early withdrawal report was uncontrolled and lost or excluded a substantial share of participants. It documents a research branch, not evidence supporting self-treatment.
1983 withdrawal report ↗Full texts, translations and acquisition targets
1977 DSIP characterization — open full-text access
Same publication as dsip-265572. Indexed abstract checked; full experimental tables remain to be appraised.
Source details ↗Sleep-inducing properties of DSIP analogs: structural and functional relationships
Companion to the Russian record PMID 11525128, not an independent experiment. Obtain complete tables, variance estimates and analogue-specific results.
Source details ↗DSIP: a still unresolved riddle — publisher full text
Access companion to dsip-16539679. Reports opposite effects of related dermorphin analogues and proposes an indirect hormonal explanation; this remains a hypothesis.
Source details ↗Rostov series and analogue experiments — full-text priorities
Prioritize the 1995 and 1999 DSIP–piracetam papers, 1986 analogue reports and 2001 structure–activity tables. Check cohort overlap, species, routes, controls and adverse effects; do not infer formal synergy from an abstract.
Source details ↗Linked sources
Explore the research map and unresolved leads ↗
Effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on 24-hour sleep-wake behaviour in severe chronic insomnia.
Ordinary DSIP
Schneider-Helmert D · European neurology 27(2):120-129
A small double-blind, placebo-controlled report found better nighttime sleep and daytime performance during seven treatment nights.
- Population / setting
- 14 middle-aged patients with chronic insomnia
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Small sample and short follow-up; allocation and complete methods require appraisal.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Study of delta sleep-inducing peptide efficacy in improving sleep on short-term administration to chronic insomniacs.
Ordinary DSIP
Monti JM, Debellis J, Alterwain P, Pellejero T, Monti D · International journal of clinical pharmacology research 7(2):105-110
Reported improvements were of little clinical significance. Apparent stage-2/NREM differences were already present at baseline; slow-wave and REM sleep were unchanged.
- Population / setting
- Patients with chronic insomnia; double-blind crossover
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Baseline differences complicate interpretation; sample size is not provided in the indexed abstract.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study.
Ordinary DSIP
Bes F, Hofman W, Schuur J, Van Boxtel C · Neuropsychobiology 26(4):193-197
Some objective measures favored DSIP, but effects were weak and partly attributable to placebo-group changes. Subjective sleep quality did not improve; authors judged substantial short-term benefit unlikely.
- Population / setting
- 16 patients; double-blind matched-pairs parallel groups
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Small, brief study; selected statistically significant endpoints do not establish a meaningful overall benefit.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
[Ratio of neuromediator amino acids in a comparative analysis of the stress protective effects of delta-sleep inducing peptide and piracetam].
DSIP + piracetam
Mendzheritskiĭ AM, Uskova NI, Lysenko AV, Matsionis AE, Sametskiĭ EA · Voprosy meditsinskoi khimii 41(5):16-19
Combined DSIP and piracetam administration was associated with stronger stress-related effects on the balance of inhibitory and excitatory amino acids than individual compounds.
- Population / setting
- Rats exposed to one-hour restricted movement
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Biochemical animal endpoints; no evidence of human cognitive or occupational benefit. Full data are needed to assess additivity versus synergy.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Metabolic features of the adaptive effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide and piracetam under hyperoxic conditions.
DSIP + piracetam
Lysenko AV, Alperovich DV, Uskova NI, Mendzheritsky AM · Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 64(6):652-657
The combination enhanced reported protection alongside changes in neurotransmitter amino acids, membrane ATPase activity and lipid-peroxidation products.
- Population / setting
- Rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 0.3 MPa for two hours
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Hyperoxia is excess oxygen, not oxygen deprivation. These animal findings do not establish a human diving, sleep or performance regimen.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
[Proteolytic processes in the rat brain and serum in hypokinesia and the adaptive effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide].
Ordinary DSIP
Mendzheritskiĭ AM, Lysenko AV, Uskova NI · Biokhimiia (Moscow, Russia) 60(4):585-592
DSIP changed proteolytic enzyme activity and was reported to prevent lysosomal-membrane permeability disturbances during prolonged restricted movement.
- Population / setting
- Rat brain and serum under hypokinesia
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Proposed preadaptation through regulatory-peptide metabolism is a mechanistic interpretation, not a demonstrated human effect.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
[The mechanism of the anticonvulsive effect of the delta sleep-inducing peptide under conditions of elevated oxygen pressure].
Ordinary DSIP
Mendzheritskiĭ AM, Lysenko AV, Uskova NI, Sametskiĭ EA · Fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova 82(1):59-64
The authors reported seizure protection accompanied by higher cortical GABA and homocarnosine and lower glutamate and aspartate.
- Population / setting
- Rats under elevated oxygen pressure
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Oxygen-toxicity model; not evidence for treating human epilepsy or oxygen deprivation.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
[Active analog of the inactive "sleep peptide"].
D-Trp¹-DSIP analogue
Koval'zon VM, Kalikhevich VN, Churkina SI · Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny 101(6):707-709
The D-Trp¹ analogue increased slow-wave sleep under the reported conditions; central administration also raised body temperature.
- Population / setting
- Rabbits; central and intravenous analogue administration
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Modified peptide, not ordinary DSIP. Route, narrow effective range and species constrain extrapolation.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Structure-activity relationship in the effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) on rat sleep.
DSIP and modified analogues
Obál F Jr, Kovalzon VM, Kalikhevich VN, Török A, Alföldi P, Sáry G, Hajós M, Penke B · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 24(4):889-894
Ordinary DSIP did not increase sleep. D-Trp¹ and D-Tyr¹ analogues promoted sleep, while a shortened D-Trp¹ fragment produced arousal.
- Population / setting
- Rats; intracerebroventricular administration
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Structure and experimental timing matter. Central animal administration cannot be transferred to commercial DSIP products.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
[Peptidergic modulation of sleep: a comparative study of analogs of the peptide DSIP].
DSIP analogues
Koval'zon VM, Obál F Jr, Kalikhevich VN · Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii 22(5):483-488
Full-length modified analogues increased sleep; the shortened fragment reduced slow-wave sleep in rats but had no effect in rabbits.
- Population / setting
- Rabbits and rats; implanted electrodes and cannulas
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Potential overlap with related 1986 experiments needs full-text comparison; not automatically independent replication.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
[Hypnogenic properties of DSIP peptide analogs: structural-functional relationship].
DSIP and 13 analogues
Koval'zon VM · Izvestiia Akademii nauk. Seriia biologicheskaia (4):467-474
Ordinary DSIP and most analogues had no significant effect. N-MeAla² and Pro² analogues increased slow-wave sleep, whereas β-Ala² suppressed it.
- Population / setting
- Rabbits; DSIP and 13 synthetic analogues
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Intracerebroventricular animal experiment. The English translation is the same publication, not another study.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide.
Synthetic DSIP and comparison peptides
Schoenenberger GA, Monnier M · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74(3):1282-1286
The Basel group characterized the nine-amino-acid sequence and reported delta/spindle EEG enhancement with synthetic DSIP in its assay.
- Population / setting
- 58 rabbits including controls; peptide characterization
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Historical rabbit assay, not clinical validation. Later studies produced inconsistent sleep findings.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Successful treatment of withdrawal symptoms with delta sleep-inducing peptide, a neuropeptide with potential agonistic activity on opiate receptors.
Ordinary DSIP
Dick P, Grandjean ME, Tissot R · Neuropsychobiology 10(4):205-208
An uncontrolled report described improvement in 48 of 49 evaluable patients; 27% of enrolled patients were lost or unsuitable for evaluation.
- Population / setting
- 67 withdrawal patients enrolled; 49 evaluable
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- No control group and substantial exclusion/loss prevent causal conclusions. Not a basis for self-treatment of withdrawal.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update.
DSIP literature
Graf MV, Kastin AJ · Peptides 7(6):1165-1187
Reviews sleep and non-sleep research, including pain, withdrawal and DSIP-like material. Physiological roles and mechanisms were unresolved.
- Population / setting
- Historical animal and human literature
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Historical synthesis, not a new clinical cohort or current comprehensive safety review.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle.
DSIP, analogues and DSIP-like material
Kovalzon VM, Strekalova TV · Journal of neurochemistry 97(2):303-309
The authors questioned the identity and physiological role of endogenous DSIP and distinguished the parent peptide from active analogues and DSIP-like immunoreactivity.
- Population / setting
- Critical historical and experimental synthesis
- What was checked
- Indexed metadata and abstract checked via PubMed / Europe PMC; full methods and risk-of-bias assessment pending.
Limitations & review scope
- This is the authors’ 2006 assessment, not a claim that a modern exhaustive receptor or gene search has been completed.
Source checked 2026-10-01. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Explore related historical combinations ↗
Browse bibliography & PDFs ↗