NoopeptНоопепт
What is it?
Noopept, also called GVS-111 or omberacetam, is a synthetic derivative of the Pro–Gly dipeptide. Its chemical name is N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester. It was developed at the Zakusov Institute and is structurally distinct from piracetam.
Identity / background source ↗
Research context
A defined synthetic dipeptide derivative connecting nootropic research with experimental environmental adaptation. Human chamber studies, clinical EEG reports and preclinical mechanisms address different questions; none establishes safe hazardous-work use.
- Working classification
- Dipeptide-derived nootropic
- Research collection
- Related nootropics & combinations · editorial grouping
- Institutional provenance
- Not established for this compound record
- Last evidence review
- Full evidence review pending; source-check scope appears with each publication below.
What do we know?
- Human research
- —Environmental-stress comparisons; clinical EEG report
- Study methods
- —Mostly abstract-level appraisal; overlapping reports possible
- Independent replication
- —Independent replication not established in this collection
- Source access
- —Indexed abstracts, publisher pages and linked PDFs
- Safety evidence
- —Long-term and occupational safety not established by these records
These are independent review fields, not a rating. Missing evidence in this starter does not mean no research exists.
From memory research to environmental stress.
Noopept connects a defined peptide-derived structure with two research strands: memory and neuronal signaling, and experiments on human function during changing environmental conditions. These strands offer hypotheses to test; they do not establish a general performance benefit.
Healthy does not mean unstressed.
The 2007 chamber study reports psychological functional-state changes under cold and heat, plus physical work-capacity findings in heat. The related Academy paper describes −10°C, +45°C and hypobaric hypoxia.
Read the human-study record ↗Neurotrophins, signaling and hypoxia.
Rat studies measured hippocampal NGF/BDNF expression; animal and isolated-neuron work explored cholinergic signaling. Cell experiments examined HIF-1 activity, oxygen/glucose deprivation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress.
These are distinct experimental findings, not confirmed mechanisms of human heat protection.
Read the HIF-1 record ↗A different population.
The clinical EEG paper concerns cognitive symptoms after vascular disease or brain injury. Its findings cannot be transferred directly to healthy shift workers or sleep-deprived mariners.
Read the clinical record ↗Noopept and Bromantane: a comparison boundary.
The rested-volunteer Bromantane study and the environmentally stressed Noopept studies used different participants, conditions and endpoints. They are not a head-to-head comparison and do not establish that Noopept is superior. Nor does a limited result in rested people prove Bromantane works under fatigue.
Bromantane rested-volunteer record ↗The Kirov environmental-stress programme.
| Research branch | Compounds discussed | Evidence boundary |
|---|---|---|
| Nootropic / peptide comparisons | Noopept, Cortexin, Dilept, Vinpotropil | Related 2007 reports; possible cohort overlap and differing summaries. |
| Cold / metabolic responses | Trekrezan | Separate 75-volunteer report; not Noopept evidence. |
| Antihypoxants | Cytoflavin, Reamberin, Hypoxen, Mexidol | Separate 2009 chamber study; abstract-level appraisal. |
| Broader programme history | Also includes Semax, Deltaran, Phenotropil and piracetam | The 2023 retrospective maps the programme; it is not independent replication. |
Related programme studies
Functional and metabolic changes of healthy volunteers after cold exposure and administration of meteoadaptogen trekrezan
I. V. Zarubina, V. P. Ganapolsky, P. D. Shabanov · Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 94(1):62–67
The study examined physical activity, cognition and metabolic responses during cold exposure in the Trekrezan programme.
- Population / setting
- 75 healthy men aged 20–24; −10°C, 2.5 m/s airflow, 40 minutes
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- The 75 volunteers are the overall reported cohort, not an assumed treatment-arm size.
- PubMed gives pp. 62–67; some later citations give 56–61.
- Related programme evidence, not a Noopept trial.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Meteoadaptogenic properties of antihypoxants
V. P. Ganapolsky, P. D. Shabanov · Eksp Klin Farmakol. 72(6):36–41
The publisher abstract reports environment-dependent findings for Cytoflavin, Reamberin, Hypoxen and Mexidol.
- Population / setting
- Healthy men aged 20–24; Tabai chamber heat, cold and hypobaric hypoxia
- What was checked
- Russian primary-publisher abstract and DOI checked; full text not reviewed.
Limitations & review scope
- Noopept was not one of the tested drugs.
- Comparator allocation, effect sizes and adverse-event reporting require full-text review.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Heat and brain connectivity: an open hypothesis.
Seasonal MRI associations and controlled heat-exposure experiments raised a question in the heat discussion: could an intervention preserve coordinated brain activity during thermal stress? The imaging studies below did not administer Noopept or actoprotectors. They provide context, not evidence that these compounds protect connectivity.
The seasonal study does not isolate heat from daylength or other seasonal factors, and its findings should not be reduced to a universal “summer low.” The 1995 Bromantane abstract also contains mixed heat-tolerance findings, which need original-text review.
Heat, imaging and seasonal-context sources
Study of heat-protective effects of bromantane at various levels of overheating
B. A. Badyshtov et al. · Vopr Med Khim. 41(2):54–57
The abstract reports mixed thermoregulatory effects and dynamometry/hemodynamic findings. It also describes a reduced range of heat tolerance, so the title alone cannot support a blanket heat-protection claim.
- Population / setting
- Overheating / ergothermal loading; detailed design and allocation unresolved
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Full methods and the ambiguous English translation need checking.
- No brain-connectivity endpoint is described.
- Do not infer safe heat exposure or occupational protection.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Hyperthermia-induced disruption of functional connectivity in the human brain network
G. Sun, S. Qian, Q. Jiang, K. Liu, B. Li, M. Li, L. Zhao, Z. Zhou, K. M. von Deneen, Y. Liu · PLoS ONE. 8(4):e61157
Resting-state fMRI showed heat-associated changes in functional connectivity. This provides environmental-physiology context for the research question.
- Population / setting
- 36 participants; approximately one-hour exposure at 25°C or 50°C
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- No Noopept, Bemitil or Bromantane intervention.
- Does not show any compound preserves connectivity or makes hot work safer.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Physiological and Neural Changes Underlying Cognitive Performance after Heat Stress: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Full author transcription pending · Environment & Health. DOI 10.1021/envhealth.5c00818
The trial reports cognitive and regional functional-connectivity changes after heat exposure, with accompanying biomarker findings.
- Population / setting
- 30 healthy adults; randomized crossover, two-hour exposure at 32°C and 22°C
- What was checked
- Publisher abstract and indexed discussion checked; complete author transcription and methods appraisal pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Biomarkers suggest possible pathways rather than proving each causal mechanism.
- No drug intervention; this cannot demonstrate Noopept or actoprotector effects.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Seasonal variations of functional connectivity of human brains
Full author transcription pending · Primary article archived as PMC10558480
The study found seasonal differences in resting-state functional measures, with autumn standing out in several analyses. Temperature and daylength were associated with measures.
- Population / setting
- Human Connectome Project imaging grouped by season of scanning
- What was checked
- Primary abstract and indexed discussion checked; title matched to the screenshot from the heat conversation.
Limitations & review scope
- Seasonal grouping is observational and does not isolate temperature as a cause.
- Does not establish a universal summer minimum, or test a pharmacological intervention.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
PDFs, dissertation and remaining source work.
Ganapolsky’s complete dissertation is still a retrieval target. Related articles, a thesis abstract, a patent and a retrospective can describe the same programme; they should not be counted as separate confirmations.
Development and Study of New Meteoadaptogens — Разработка и изучение новых метеоадаптогенов ↗
Programme retrieval target. Prior discussion gives conflicting lengths (257 / 276 pages); original catalogue and title-page verification needed. Do not represent an abstract as the complete thesis.
Patent lead · official document pendingNoopept / increasing human meteorological resistance — patent trail ↗
A third-party patent lead surfaced, but the official identity and number remain unverified. Patent claims are not independent clinical replication. No experimental administration instructions are reproduced.
PDF indexed · direct retrieval timed outMeteoadaptogenic properties of nootropic preparations — related PDF ↗
Web index identifies an eight-page file; prior chat described six article pages. Title-page/edition matching and table review remain incomplete; not counted as another study.
Publisher PDF indexed · methods review pendingMeteoadaptogenic properties of peptide drugs in healthy volunteers — journal PDF ↗
Same publication as PMID 18318195. Indexed Russian text is partially garbled; no table values transcribed.
Publisher English PDF indexedMolecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Substituted Pro-Gly Dipeptide Noopept — PDF ↗
Same HIF-1 cell-assay publication as PMC4837574; not an additional experiment.
Bibliographic lead · edition unresolvedTrekrezan as a metabolic activator, meteoadaptogen, psychoenergizer and immunomodulator ↗
The conversation and dissertation trail also reference a 2007 conference item. Exact edition and original text require retrieval; not treated as the 75-volunteer trial.
Linked sources
Explore the research map and unresolved leads ↗
Meteoadaptogenic properties of peptide drugs in healthy volunteers
P. D. Shabanov, V. P. Ganapolsky, P. V. Aleksandrov · Eksp Klin Farmakol. 70(6):41–47
The abstract reports environment-dependent findings for Noopept, Cortexin, Dilept and Vinpotropil. Noopept was associated with improved psychological functional-state measures in cold and heat, and physical work capacity in heat.
- Population / setting
- Healthy men aged 20–24; climate/thermobaric chamber, cold, heat and hypobaric hypoxia
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Healthy participants were experimentally stressed, not an unstressed enhancement cohort.
- Randomization, blinding, sample allocation, adverse events and effect sizes require full-text appraisal.
- Related Academy reports may overlap; do not count them as independent replication.
- No maritime, sleep-deprived watchkeeping, H₂S or benzene outcomes were established.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Meteoadaptogenic properties of nootrop drugs
V. P. Ganapolsky, A. A. Elistratov, P. V. Alexandrov, P. D. Shabanov, E. G. Mokeeva, E. A. Mitin, V. I. Kruglov · Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. No. 4:61–66; date discrepancy noted
The Academy abstract describes stressor-specific functional-state findings across four compounds, including Noopept. It emphasizes mental work capacity and heat/high-altitude adaptation.
- Population / setting
- Healthy men aged 20–24; −10°C, +45°C and hypoxia (reported pO₂ 109.9 mmHg)
- What was checked
- Publisher metadata and Russian abstract checked. A related manufacturer-hosted PDF is indexed, but direct download timed out; the PDF contents were not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- The current publisher record says 2007, issue 4, pp. 61–66; later bibliographies cite 2008. Original issue verification remains open.
- This abstract differs from the Eksp Klin Farmakol summary, including the Cortexin/cold account. Differences are preserved pending table-level review.
- Possible cohort overlap with the 2007 paper; not independent replication.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristic of noopept in patients with mild cognitive impairment of posttraumatic and vascular origin
V. K. Bochkarev, E. S. Teleshova, S. A. Siuniakov, D. V. Davydova, G. G. Neznamov · Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 108(11):47–54
The authors report EEG spectral changes during Noopept treatment, with differences between vascular and posttraumatic groups.
- Population / setting
- Patients with traumatic or vascular brain disease and cognitive/asthenic symptoms
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Clinical-trial indexing does not establish random allocation or a controlled design; design remains unclassified here.
- EEG changes are not proof of meaningful cognitive improvement or healthy-worker benefit.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus
R. U. Ostrovskaya, T. A. Gudasheva, A. P. Zaplina, Ju. V. Vahitova, M. H. Salimgareeva, R. S. Jamidanov, S. B. Seredenin · Bull Exp Biol Med. 146(3):334–337
The investigators measured hippocampal NGF and BDNF expression and found increases under the studied conditions. Cortical responses differed.
- Population / setting
- Rats; acute and repeated administration, regional mRNA measurements
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- mRNA measurements in rats do not establish brain neurotrophin changes in humans.
- This does not demonstrate dementia prevention, occupational protection or lasting cognitive benefit.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Substituted Pro-Gly Dipeptide Noopept
Yu. V. Vakhitova et al. · Acta Naturae. 8(1); PMID 27099787
Noopept increased HIF-1 reporter activity in this experimental system. Docking suggested a possible interaction with prolyl hydroxylase 2.
- Population / setting
- HEK293 cell reporter assays, chemical hypoxia mimic and molecular docking
- What was checked
- Primary article abstract and indexed full-text discussion checked; no independent replication appraisal.
Limitations & review scope
- Docking is a mechanistic proposal, not demonstrated target engagement in humans.
- Cell reporter activity cannot establish protection against heat, hypoxia or occupational injury.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Neuroprotective properties of nootropic dipeptide GVS-111 in in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress
N. A. Andreeva, E. V. Stel’mashuk, N. K. Isaev, R. U. Ostrovskaya, T. A. Gudasheva, I. V. Viktorov · Bull Exp Biol Med. 130(10):969–972
GVS-111 showed protective effects in oxygen/glucose deprivation and glutamate/oxidative-stress models; piracetam did not attenuate glutamate toxicity in this experiment.
- Population / setting
- Cultured cerebellar granule cells; experimental injury models
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Cell survival is not human clinical neuroprotection.
- The assay-specific piracetam comparison is not a clinical superiority result.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of the choline-positive effect of nootropic dipeptide acylproline (GVS-111)
R. U. Ostrovskaya et al. · Eksp Klin Farmakol. 64(2):11–14
Behavioral and electrophysiological findings suggested involvement of muscarinic and nicotinic signaling in the response to GVS-111.
- Population / setting
- Animal learning models and isolated Helix snail neurons
- What was checked
- Indexed primary-paper record and abstract checked; full methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Mixed animal and isolated-neuron experiments; no human cholinergic mechanism demonstrated.
- These findings do not support personal supplement combinations.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Pharmacological treatment of memory disorders caused by hypoxia and cerebral ischemia in rats
Author transcription pending · Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 32(1):55–60
The indexed abstract identifies GVS-111 among nootropics investigated in hypoxia/ischemia-associated memory impairment.
- Population / setting
- Rat hypoxia / cerebral-ischemia memory models
- What was checked
- Indexed primary abstract identified; full author list and methods remain pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Original results and compound-specific effects require full-paper extraction.
- Not a human occupational trial.
Source checked 2026-09-29. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.