COMPOUND RECORD / NOOPEPT

NoopeptНоопепт

CognitionPerformanceStress

Source linked

What the studies found

Controlled study in people · 2007

Environmental experiments found different effects by setting

Study of multiple preparations

Noopept PWC170 in cold: 189 ± 10 versus 162 ± 2Placebo comparison in the cold chamber; source PWC170 values, units not addedCold chamberSource marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept PWC170 in heat: 188 ± 6 versus 152 ± 1Placebo in the heat chamber; values checked in Table 2Heat chamberSource marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept arithmetic errors in heat: 0 ± 0 versus 0.8 ± 0.2Placebo in the heat chamber; test-specific errorsHeat chamberSource significance marker versus placebo and historical control

A program involving 127 healthy men compared four preparations under cold, heat and simulated altitude. Results varied by compound and test.

More reported outcomes

Noopept state / trait anxiety in heat: 27 ± 3 / 27 ± 2Historical controls: 38 ± 2 / 34 ± 3; retain separate comparison identitiesHeat chamberSource marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept PWC170 at simulated altitude: 197 ± 8 versus 154 ± 3Concurrent placebo; source valuesSimulated 3,000 mSource marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept activity self-rating in heat: 5.9 ± 0.4 versus 4.2 ± 0.2Historical no-drug controls; the placebo value is separately shown in the tableHeat chamber

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model 127 healthy men aged 20–24 across a three-day environmental program; active groups reported as 10–20, placebo 8–10 per stage

Design 127 healthy men across the program; active subgroups 10–20 and placebo 8–10 per stage. Program size is not the number given Noopept. Cold −10°C, heat +45°C and simulated altitude 3,000 m.

Important limitations

127 is the entire program, not the Noopept group; historical comparisons also contributed.
Small comparisons, historical controls and unclear allocation prevent strong causal conclusions. Other preparations in the study are not interchangeable with Noopept.
Pre-chamber group differences, historical controls and unclear allocation limit attribution. The preparation-specific rows cannot be applied interchangeably to all four compounds. Experimental formulations and short chamber tasks do not establish safe performance during dangerous work.

Eksp Klin Farmakol. 70(6):41–47 · Publication record

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Animal research · 2007

Noopept, spatial memory and amyloid immunoreactivity after olfactory bulbectomy

Spatial memory: Improved in bulbectomized mice in the Morris water maze.
Serum antibody response: Increased against amyloid-β(25–35) oligomers. Antibodies against equine lysozyme amyloid and S100b did not increase in bulbectomized mice.

Improved in bulbectomized mice in the Morris water maze.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model NMRI mice after olfactory bulbectomy and sham-operated animals

Design Noopept 0.01 mg/kg for 21 days plus five training days. Spatial memory was assessed with the Morris water maze and serum antibodies with ELISA.

Important limitations

The abstract omits group sizes and a numerical behavioral effect size. The serum response does not quantify plaque clearance.

Journal of Psychopharmacology, online 2006, print 2007 · Journal publication

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Comparison in people · 2007

Noopept: fewer arithmetic errors during chamber heat

Study of multiple preparations

Noopept · heat exposure: Arithmetic errors reportedly fell to zeroThe task denominator, absolute starting error count and placebo contrast were not supplied.
Noopept · cold and heat: Favorable self-rated functional state; less anxiety describedDifferent anxiety measures across conditions; no complete estimates.

Original proceedings: 86 men total across the Tabai chamber experiments.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model 86 healthy men aged 18–22, considered fit for military service; Tabai climate chamber with cold, heat and simulated altitude

Design 86 healthy men aged 18–22, considered fit for military service; Tabai climate chamber with cold, heat and simulated altitude

Important limitations

Per-arm counts, doses and reliable between-arm comparisons are unavailable. Possible overlap with related journal reports.
Treatment allocation, masking, arm denominators and complete comparator data unavailable. The text says placebo and control measurements did not differ while printing p<0.05; this inconsistency cannot be resolved from the abstract. This report may overlap the 2007 journal reports or 2008 dissertation. The 86 participants are listed separately and excluded from the combined total.
The outcomes are condition-specific and largely qualitative. Use the journal record for its separate tables and route details, with possible cohort overlap kept visible.

Visceral Systems and Their Regulation, conference proceedings, p. 79 · Original conference abstract

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

01 / OVERVIEW

About Noopept

Names in this research collection

GVS-111 · GVS111 · Omberacetam · Омберацетам

Noopept, also called GVS-111 or omberacetam, is a synthetic derivative of the Pro–Gly dipeptide. Its chemical name is N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester. It was developed at the Zakusov Institute and is structurally distinct from piracetam.

Identity / background source ↗

Research background

A defined synthetic dipeptide derivative connecting nootropic research with experimental environmental adaptation. Human chamber studies, clinical EEG reports and preclinical mechanisms address different questions; none establishes safe hazardous-work use.

Alzheimer’s research evidence map ↗

NOOPEPT / UPDATED 1 NOVEMBER 2026

New clinical review and related research

A September 2026 systematic review brings together a broader clinical literature. The April expert-council statement is a separate interpretation of existing evidence. Neither publication reports a newly recruited trial.

REVIEW / EARLIER EVIDENCE · 2026

Clinical efficacy of omberacetam in adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic review ↗

Review reports 18 clinical studies and 1,279 participants; 988 received omberacetam.

The authors report cognitive improvements across earlier clinical studies, with MMSE changes ranging from +0.6 to +3.5 points. They used a qualitative synthesis and did not perform a meta-analysis because the studies differed substantially.

Interpretation and limitations

This is a review of earlier studies, not a new 1,279-person trial. Its totals are author-reported, not independently deduplicated here. Predominantly open-label evidence; the authors call for randomized placebo-controlled trials. The reported score range is not a pooled treatment effect. The English abstract mistakenly says omeprazole in its objective; the title, Russian abstract and results identify omberacetam.

REVIEW / EARLIER EVIDENCE · 2026

Potential uses of omberacetam in the early prevention and management of cognitive impairment: expert-council resolution ↗

Expert council discussing earlier experimental and clinical evidence; no new trial cohort.

The council discusses possible use within broader care for early cognitive impairment and vascular risk, and calls for further multicenter randomized studies.

Interpretation and limitations

Expert consensus is not a trial or proof of dementia prevention. Mechanistic and clinical findings cited by a council should not be counted as independent replication.

HUMAN COMPARISON · 2024

Evaluation of Noopept therapy in patients with cognitive impairment and cardiovascular disease ↗

60 outpatients: 30 received added Noopept and 30 background care alone; 56-day open observational comparison.

The Noopept group reached a median MoCA score of 26 [26;27], improving by 2 [1;3] points. Reported Schulte-task times were 45.3 [38.5;50.5] seconds versus 55.0 [47.5;59.8] seconds in controls; anxiety and depression scores also improved.

Interpretation and limitations

Open observational comparison, without a described placebo or randomized assignment; background treatment and expectation can affect outcomes. Short follow-up and a cardiovascular/diabetes population; no healthy-person enhancement or dementia-prevention benefit established.

HUMAN COMPARISON · 2022

Nootropic drugs in patients with non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment ↗

150 patients randomized into three groups of 50: omberacetam, piracetam/cinnarizine or aminophenylbutyric acid, alongside baseline care; 45 days.

The abstract reports a MoCA increase from 19.8 to 23.3 in the omberacetam group at day 45. At the later assessment, the score remained 0.8 points above baseline (p=0.061), which does not establish a persistent statistically significant effect.

Interpretation and limitations

Randomization is stated in the abstract, but allocation concealment and blinding are not established by this review. Active comparators, without a described placebo arm. The abstract inconsistently describes follow-up as 3.5 and 4.5 months and prints an unusual inequality for some p-values; these require original-text reconciliation. A within-group score increase does not by itself establish superiority over the other treatments.

Half-life and related resources

The human pharmacokinetic record should be checked directly before quoting a half-life. The accessible 2004 abstract supports species differences, but does not provide a numerical human value. Clearance, metabolite persistence and clinical duration are different measurements.

LABORATORY / EXPOSURE RESEARCH · 2004

Interspecies differences of Noopept pharmacokinetics ↗

Comparative pharmacokinetic report covering rats, rabbits and humans; human cohort details unresolved in the abstract.

ANIMAL RESEARCH · 2018

Pharmacokinetics of Noopept and its active metabolite cycloprolylglycine in rats ↗

Rat plasma and brain pharmacokinetic study.

LABORATORY / EXPOSURE RESEARCH · 2025

Physicochemical and structural analysis of Noopept ↗

Laboratory characterization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient; no treated participants.

LABORATORY / EXPOSURE RESEARCH · 2025

Nootropic product market surveillance by 12 official medicines control laboratories ↗

159 products documented from January 2020 to September 2024 across a multi-laboratory surveillance program; not 159 Noopept products or patients.

Publication integrity: a 2021 spinal-microglia/BDNF paper was retracted. Its findings should not support efficacy claims. Read the retraction notice ↗

Primary abstracts and publisher-deposited metadata checked. Full-text access and unresolved source questions are stated in each record. Review totals include participants from the original studies.

More study findings

Animal research · 2006

Age and baseline anxiety in Lysenko’s peptide stress models

Study of multiple preparations

High-anxiety young rats: Vilon and GVS-111 were highlighted in the author’s conclusionsOriginal group-level numerical estimates and doses still need retrieval.
Stress-response direction: Favorable and unfavorable responses describedThe author discusses this for GVS-111 and an experimental preparation called NKT. NKT identity remains unresolved.

The author reported that the direction of peptide-associated changes depended on age and baseline anxiety. Some shifts were unfavorable.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Rats grouped by age and baseline anxiety; series-specific denominators remain unverified.

Design Hypokinesia, hypoxia and exertion models, with behavioral, immune and oxidative endpoints. Twenty-four-hour hypokinesia was one stress protocol.

Important limitations

Potential overlap with narrower author-network dissertations, including Morgul and Rudenko. Outcomes cannot be pooled or assigned to humans.
A mechanistic program on stress response. The dissertation-level conclusion does not isolate all preparation-specific effects.

Doctoral dissertation, 244 pp., introduction and conclusions · Doctoral dissertation, 244 pp., introduction and conclusions

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Animal research · 2009

Rat behavioral assays: noopept

Study of multiple preparations

Noopept, Semax, Selank and Dilept · vertical activity: Reduced vertical movements reportedCompound-specific rat behavior at the stated doses, not a measure of human alertness.

Separate comparisons in an assay battery.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model 192 Wistar rats, 200–220 g; methods describe at least 10–12 per group across a behavioral test battery

Design 192 Wistar rats, 200–220 g; methods describe at least 10–12 per group across a behavioral test battery

Reported study exposure: 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the rat study.

Important limitations

Electrical self-stimulation and immobility do not measure athletic endurance.
Multiple behavioral comparisons, endpoint-specific group sizes and precise uncertainties need table recovery. Deltaran is the tested DSIP-containing formulation; no result for isolated DSIP can be inferred. The 2015 dissertation used separate doses/routes; it is not confirmed as independent replication of every experiment.
Opposing effects across assays are informative. Electrical self-stimulation and immobility are behavior readouts, and neither establishes improved human motivation or endurance.

Medical Academic Journal, 2009; publisher article 9357 · Original journal article

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Animal research · 2006

Noopept and age-dependent responses to exercise stress in rats

Behavior in both age groups: Lower anxiety-like behavior and higher purposeful/nonpurposeful activity ratioAuthor conclusions for 3-month and 18-month rats; numerical table unavailable.
Biochemical response: Age-dependent monoamine, leukocyte and oxidative responses describedNot direct exercise capacity, with exact effects unavailable.

The author reports reduced anxiety-like behavior and a higher ratio of purposeful to nonpurposeful behavior in both age groups. Several physiological responses were age dependent.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Three-month and 18-month rats, studied at baseline and under stressful physical loading

Design Three-month and 18-month rats, studied at baseline and under stressful physical loading

Important limitations

Doses, full group sizes and direct performance outcomes could not be verified from the excerpt.
Doses, full group sizes and direct performance outcomes could not be verified from the excerpt. Behavior and monoamine markers do not establish an increase in human exercise capacity.
A Noopept stress-response study in animals. It does not extend the climate-chamber findings to athletic use.

Candidate dissertation, Saint Petersburg, 2006 · Dissertation

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Lab research · 2014

Noopept, apoptosis and tau phosphorylation in an amyloid-exposed cell model

Tau phosphorylation: Phosphorylation at Ser396 fell with Noopept pretreatment (p=0.0024).
Neurites per cell: 2.44 with pretreatment versus 1.64 with amyloid exposure alone (p=0.0022).

Phosphorylation at Ser396 fell with Noopept pretreatment (p=0.0024).

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Differentiated PC12 cells exposed to amyloid-β(25–35)

Design Differentiated PC12 cells received 10 μM Noopept for 72 hours before exposure to 5 μM amyloid-β(25–35). The tau assay used four independent experiments with three replicate wells.

Important limitations

An acute cell assay cannot establish effects on clinical tau pathology or cognition.

Journal of Biomedical Science · Journal publication

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Animal research · 1997

The major metabolite of dipeptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 in rat brain and its similarity to endogenous neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine.

Study of multiple preparations

Rat-brain CPG increased approximately 2.5-fold one hour after GVS-111 administration. Enzyme experiments supported conversion to CPG; these findings do not prove that CPG accounts for every Noopept effect.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Rat metabolism and enzyme preparations

Important limitations

Preclinical findings do not establish human benefit or safety. Abstract only. Full methods and independent replication remain unconfirmed.

European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · Indexed abstract

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Research updates ↗

Performance research in context

Military & occupational evidence map ↗ Sports performance evidence map ↗

Compound class: Dipeptide-derived nootropic
Research collection: Related nootropics & combinations · editorial grouping
Research institutions: No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review: Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.

02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH

Understanding the evidence

Human research 2026 systematic review of 18 reported clinical studies; linked 2022 active-comparator and 2024 observational comparisons
Study methods Review without meta-analysis; mixed designs, including an abstract-reported randomized active-comparator trial; blinding unresolved
Independent replication Review and expert statement reuse earlier evidence; cohort overlap and independent replication need full-text appraisal
Source access Primary indexed abstracts and publisher-deposited metadata; complete methods and trial tables not all recovered
Safety evidence Long-term and occupational safety not established by these records

Open a topic for the evidence assessment.

More findings, background and history

RELATED PEPTIDE RESEARCH / UPDATED OCTOBER 2026

Connections in the research

The rat metabolism evidence now connects GVS-111 with endogenous cyclo(Pro-Gly). The related GZK-111 program reverses the linear peptide order; it is a different compound, not another name for Noopept.

CPG & GZK-111 ↗

A grouped record for endogenous cyclo(Pro-Gly), its experimental linear precursor GZK-111 and the connection to Noopept metabolism.

NGF mimetics: GK & GTS series ↗

A family of experimental peptides designed from exposed loops of nerve growth factor. Related structures can differ in cell survival, differentiation and pain responses.

View the peptide family map and sources ↗

Stroke research matrix ↗ — compare human stroke outcomes, experimental findings, safety and adjacent cerebral-ischemia research.

What remains unclear

The environmental studies used concurrent placebo or historical comparison groups depending on the experiment. The exact subgroup sizes and some values in the scanned tables remain uncertain.

Human reports are linked; their presence does not establish effectiveness. Several publications can describe the same participants.

Browse original study records ↗

SOURCE REVIEW / 2 OCTOBER 2026

Clinical records and environmental methods expanded

The missing Noopept–piracetam publications and encephalopathy citation are linked. The environmental PDF identifies historical controls, small groups and experimental formulations.

What remains unresolved

Clinical comparison full texts remain unavailable; resolve translation/EEG overlap. Verify all environmental table values and arm denominators against a clean original.

Source 1 ↗Source 2 ↗Source 3 ↗Source 4 ↗

Compare all 13 evidence updates ↗

NOOPEPT / RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Noopept: cognition and environmental stress

Noopept connects a defined peptide-derived structure with two research strands: memory and neuronal signaling, and experiments on human function during changing environmental conditions. The available results do not establish a general performance benefit.

HUMAN / ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS

Healthy-volunteer environmental studies

The 2007 chamber study reports psychological functional-state changes under cold and heat, plus physical work-capacity findings in heat. The related Academy paper describes −10°C, +45°C and hypobaric hypoxia.

Read the human-study record ↗

PRECLINICAL / MECHANISMS

Neurotrophins, signaling and hypoxia.

Rat studies measured hippocampal NGF/BDNF expression; animal and isolated-neuron work explored cholinergic signaling. Cell experiments examined HIF-1 activity, oxygen/glucose deprivation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress.

These are distinct experimental findings, not confirmed mechanisms of human heat protection.

Read the HIF-1 record ↗

HUMAN / CLINICAL CONTEXT

Clinical populations

The clinical EEG paper concerns cognitive symptoms after vascular disease or brain injury. Its findings cannot be transferred directly to healthy shift workers or sleep-deprived mariners.

Read the clinical record ↗

Limits of comparison with Bromantane

The rested-volunteer Bromantane study and the environmentally stressed Noopept studies used different participants, conditions and endpoints. They are not a head-to-head comparison and do not establish that Noopept is superior. Nor does a limited result in rested people prove Bromantane works under fatigue.

Bromantane rested-volunteer record ↗

The Kirov environmental-stress program.

Research contexts, not combination recipes or recommended uses
Research branch	Compounds discussed	Scope and limitations
Nootropic / peptide comparisons	Noopept, Cortexin, Dilept, Vinpotropil	Related 2007 reports; possible cohort overlap and differing summaries.
Cold / metabolic responses	Trekrezan	Separate 75-volunteer report; not Noopept evidence.
Antihypoxants	Cytoflavin, Reamberin, Hypoxen, Mexidol	Separate 2009 chamber study; abstract-level appraisal.
Broader program history	Also includes Semax, Deltaran, Phenotropil and piracetam	The 2023 retrospective maps the program; it is not independent replication.

2023 Academy retrospective ↗

Related program studies

2008Human comparative studyEnglish abstract

Functional and metabolic changes of healthy volunteers after cold exposure and administration of meteoadaptogen Trekrezan

I. V. Zarubina, V. P. Ganapolsky, P. D. Shabanov · Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 94(1):62–67

In a 75-volunteer cold-exposure report, Trekrezan was described as normalizing physical and metabolic measures; the abstract provides exposure conditions but no numerical performance effect.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

In a 75-volunteer cold-exposure report, Trekrezan was described as normalizing physical and metabolic measures; the abstract provides exposure conditions but no numerical performance effect.

75 healthy men aged 20–24; controlled cold exposure.

Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract; no full-text table appraisal
Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Physical and metabolic measures	Reported normalization after pretreatment	No numerical work-capacity or cognitive-task change supplied
Participants	75 healthy men
Exposure conditions	−10°C; wind 2.5 m/s; 40 minutes	Environmental challenge, not an outcome
Studied dose	0.2 g before cold exposure

This is the same publication as the canonical Trekrezan cold-exposure record, not independent replication.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-01

Population / setting: 75 healthy men aged 20–24; cold chamber experiment
Source reviewed: Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.

Study limitations

Allocation, blinding, group sizes and adverse-event reporting cannot be established from the abstract.
The 2007 cold-exposure report may cover the same participants.
PubMed lists pages 62–67; some later bibliographies give 56–61.

Reviewed 2026-11-01.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Hypoxen · heat	Favorable subjective and mental work measures described	No numerical effect, duration or arm sizes in the abstract.
Other arms	Different patterns under cold, heat and simulated altitude	Cytoflavin, Reamberin and Mexidol are distinct comparators.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Altered functional connections	65 total: 50 decreased, 15 increased	Hyperthermia versus normal-temperature group
Attention association	More altered connections correlated with greater executive-control reaction time	Correlation coefficient not supplied in abstract
Physiological associations	No significant correlation with rectal-temperature differences or weight loss
Participants and challenge	36; 25°C versus 50°C; 1 hour

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
High-anxiety young rats	Vilon and GVS-111 were highlighted in the author’s conclusions	Original group-level numerical estimates and doses still need retrieval.
Stress-response direction	Favorable and unfavorable responses described	The author discusses this for GVS-111 and an experimental preparation called NKT. NKT identity remains unresolved.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Dilept · cold exposure	State anxiety −24%; trait anxiety −19%	Percentages as reported; no arm sample size, baseline score or verified between-arm effect.
Noopept · heat exposure	Arithmetic errors reportedly fell to zero	The task denominator, absolute starting error count and placebo contrast were not supplied.
Noopept · cold and heat	Favorable self-rated functional state; less anxiety described	Different anxiety measures across conditions; no complete estimates.
Cortexin · simulated altitude	Higher work-capacity indices described	The conference abstract does not provide magnitudes or uncertainty. Psychological effects were described as smaller than with Dilept or Noopept.
Placebo comparator	Narrative and p-value conflict	“Did not differ” is accompanied by p<0.05. No correction inferred.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Oleyl-Cortagen · self-stimulation	+32% in lateral-hypothalamic pedal presses	Reported relative increase, not an endurance or strength endpoint.
Cortexin · self-stimulation	+23% in lateral-hypothalamic pedal presses	Reported relative increase; no direct statistical test versus Oleyl-Cortagen supplied in narrative.
Cortagen and Cerebrolysin · self-stimulation	No change reported in pedal-press frequency	At the systemic doses in this article; does not contradict the separate central-dose comparisons.
Open-field behavior	Oleyl-Cortagen increased horizontal and vertical movement but halved hole exploration	Cortexin and Cerebrolysin increased horizontal movement; Dilept reduced horizontal and vertical movement.
Noopept, Semax, Selank and Dilept · vertical activity	Reduced vertical movements reported	Compound-specific rat behavior at the stated doses, not a measure of human alertness.
Porsolt immobility	Lower with Oleyl-Cortagen, Dilept and Cortexin; higher with Cerebrolysin, Semax, Cortagen and Selank	This unweighted behavior assay is distinct from loaded endurance swimming. Piracetam was inactive in the report.
Deltaran · grooming	Grooming reactions increased	The report tested Deltaran, a DSIP-containing formulation; this observation is not assigned to isolated DSIP.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Behavior in both age groups	Lower anxiety-like behavior and higher purposeful/nonpurposeful activity ratio	Author conclusions for 3-month and 18-month rats; numerical table unavailable.
Biochemical response	Age-dependent monoamine, leukocyte and oxidative responses described	Not direct exercise capacity, with exact effects unavailable.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Cortical injury score: section 1	0.06 ± 0.01 treated versus 0.50 ± 0.11 saline	Histology subset; ordinal injury score · p<0.05
Cortical injury score: section 3	0.80 ± 0.20 versus 1.38 ± 0.22	Sections 4–5 were not marked significant · p<0.05 for section 3
Passive-avoidance retention	67% or 60% in two treated conditions versus 30% ischemia/saline and 92% non-ischemic control	Different treatment schedules; not human memory restoration · Day 7

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Memory-related behavior	Compound I reported to counter experimental memory disruption in passive-avoidance tests	Animal proxy; numerical table values not independently transcribed
Repeated-treatment weight gain	12% versus 24% in controls, relative to starting body weight	A separate three-week rat observation; no human weight-loss inference · 3 weeks
Withdrawal-related behavior	Reduced anxiety-like/aggressive responses described after benzodiazepine withdrawal	Not a human dependence-treatment trial

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Spatial memory	Improved in bulbectomized mice in the Morris water maze.
Serum antibody response	Increased against amyloid-β(25–35) oligomers. Antibodies against equine lysozyme amyloid and S100b did not increase in bulbectomized mice.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Tau phosphorylation	Phosphorylation at Ser396 fell with Noopept pretreatment (p=0.0024).
Neurites per cell	2.44 with pretreatment versus 1.64 with amyloid exposure alone (p=0.0022).

Cold chamber (−10°C): selected reported rows
Setting	Preparation	Grip strength, kg	PWC170	Max oxygen uptake, L	Arithmetic actions	Arithmetic errors	State anxiety	Trait anxiety	Well-being	Activity	Mood
Before chamber	Historical no-drug control	46 ± 5	153 ± 7	1.5 ± 0.01	10.5 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 0.8	33 ± 3	31 ± 4	5.6 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.5
Before chamber	Cortexin	42 ± 1b	155 ± 1b	1.5 ± 0.001	9.3 ± 1.7	1.5 ± 0.6	33 ± 3	31 ± 4	5.6 ± 0.4	5.3 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 0.5
Before chamber	Vinpotropil	44 ± 3	219 ± 9ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	10.5 ± 1.0	2.1 ± 0.9	35 ± 3	32 ± 3	5.1 ± 0.3	5.0 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.5
Before chamber	Noopept	46 ± 3	189 ± 3ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	9.2 ± 1.2	0.4 ± 0.2	28 ± 2a	27 ± 2	6.0 ± 0.9	6.3 ± 0.8	6.2 ± 0.7
Before chamber	Dilept	42 ± 1b	176 ± 1ab	1.5 ± 0.02	10.8 ± 1.8	0.8 ± 0.4	28 ± 2a	28 ± 3	6.2 ± 0.7	5.4 ± 0.7	5.8 ± 0.3
Before chamber	Placebo	48 ± 2	159 ± 3	1.5 ± 0.01	9.7 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 0.6	31 ± 4	31 ± 3	5.6 ± 0.2	5.2 ± 0.3	5.6 ± 0.4
In chamber	Historical no-drug control	45 ± 5	165 ± 7	1.5 ± 0.01	9.8 ± 1.9	2.5 ± 0.4	38 ± 2	34 ± 3	5.0 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.2	5.4 ± 0.4
In chamber	Cortexin	45 ± 3	210 ± 7ab	1.6 ± 0.02ab	11.0 ± 1.9	0.3 ± 0.3ab	38 ± 4	31 ± 4	5.2 ± 0.3	4.7 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.4
In chamber	Vinpotropil	45 ± 2	219 ± 13ab	1.6 ± 0.02ab	7.5 ± 0.8b	0.5 ± 0.2ab	36 ± 2	28 ± 3a	4.9 ± 0.3b	4.9 ± 0.1	5.1 ± 0.3
In chamber	Noopept	44 ± 2	189 ± 10ab	1.6 ± 0.02ab	10.6 ± 1.5	1.6 ± 0.6	30 ± 3a	27 ± 3a	5.3 ± 0.3	6.0 ± 1.1a	6.4 ± 0.8
In chamber	Dilept	41 ± 1ab	182 ± 5ab	1.7 ± 0.01ab	10.8 ± 1.9	0.8 ± 0.4a	29 ± 3a	28 ± 3a	5.9 ± 0.5a	5.3 ± 0.3a	5.4 ± 0.6
In chamber	Placebo	47 ± 2	162 ± 2	1.5 ± 0.01	10.0 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 0.5	33 ± 3	32 ± 3	5.4 ± 0.2	5.1 ± 0.4	5.5 ± 0.3

Heat chamber (+45°C): selected reported rows
Setting	Preparation	Grip strength, kg	PWC170	Max oxygen uptake, L	Arithmetic actions	Arithmetic errors	State anxiety	Trait anxiety	Well-being	Activity	Mood
Before chamber	Historical no-drug control	47 ± 3	161 ± 4	1.5 ± 0.01	10.5 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 0.8	33 ± 2	31 ± 4	5.6 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.5
Before chamber	Cortexin	43 ± 2	181 ± 5ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	11.5 ± 1.6	0.67 ± 0.2	35 ± 3	32 ± 3	5.1 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.2	4.8 ± 0.5
Before chamber	Vinpotropil	45 ± 2	189 ± 9ab	1.6 ± 0.02ab	10.7 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 0.4	29 ± 3	26 ± 3	5.9 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.2ab	5.9 ± 0.3
Before chamber	Noopept	48 ± 3	182 ± 3ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	9.6 ± 1.3	0.8 ± 0.4	28 ± 3a	27 ± 3	6.1 ± 0.2a	6.1 ± 0.3ab	6.4 ± 0.3ab
Before chamber	Dilept	44 ± 2	180 ± 7ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	9.7 ± 1.8	0.7 ± 0.2	26 ± 3ab	28 ± 3	5.4 ± 0.2	4.6 ± 0.5b	4.9 ± 0.2
Before chamber	Placebo	46 ± 2	164 ± 2	1.5 ± 0.01	11.0 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.1	32 ± 3	30 ± 3	5.5 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.5
In chamber	Historical no-drug control	47 ± 4	151 ± 5	1.5 ± 0.01	9.8 ± 1.9	2.5 ± 0.4	38 ± 2	34 ± 3	5.0 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.2	5.4 ± 0.4
In chamber	Cortexin	39 ± 1a	155 ± 9	1.5 ± 0.02	9.6 ± 1.1	0.8 ± 0.7a	36 ± 2	28 ± 3a	4.9 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.1a	5.1 ± 0.3
In chamber	Vinpotropil	41 ± 2a	202 ± 11ab	1.6 ± 0.02ab	10.3 ± 1.1	0.7 ± 0.4a	31 ± 3	27 ± 3ab	5.7 ± 0.2ab	5.6 ± 0.2ab	5.9 ± 0.3b
In chamber	Noopept	44 ± 3	188 ± 6ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	12.0 ± 1.4	0 ± 0ab	27 ± 3ab	27 ± 2ab	6.2 ± 0.3ab	5.9 ± 0.4ab	6.2 ± 0.2ab
In chamber	Dilept	42 ± 2	174 ± 9ab	1.5 ± 0.01ab	10.5 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 0.5a	27 ± 3ab	28 ± 2ab	5.1 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.2a	4.9 ± 0.2
In chamber	Placebo	42 ± 4	152 ± 1	1.5 ± 0.01	10.9 ± 1.3	0.8 ± 0.2	34 ± 3	33 ± 3	5.3 ± 0.2	4.9 ± 0.3	5.3 ± 0.2

Simulated altitude (3,000 m): selected reported rows
Setting	Preparation	Grip strength, kg	PWC170	Max oxygen uptake, L	Arithmetic actions	Arithmetic errors	State anxiety	Trait anxiety	Well-being	Activity	Mood
Before chamber	Historical no-drug control	46 ± 5	151 ± 4	1.3 ± 0.01	10.5 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 0.8	33 ± 2	31 ± 4	5.6 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.5
Before chamber	Cortexin	42 ± 2	170 ± 5a	1.6 ± 0.01ab	9.7 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.12	34 ± 3	32 ± 3	5.6 ± 0.3	5.1 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.3
Before chamber	Vinpotropil	46 ± 2	195 ± 5ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	9.0 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.2	28 ± 3	27 ± 3	6.1 ± 0.2ab	6.1 ± 0.3ab	6.4 ± 0.3ab
Before chamber	Noopept	47 ± 3	202 ± 3ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	11.2 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.2	29 ± 3	26 ± 2	5.9 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.2a	5.9 ± 0.3
Before chamber	Dilept	41 ± 1	181 ± 3ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	14.2 ± 3.0	1.0 ± 0.6	27 ± 3a	28 ± 2	6.2 ± 0.2ab	5.8 ± 0.1a	5.8 ± 0.2
Before chamber	Placebo	46 ± 4	162 ± 5	1.5 ± 0.01	10.1 ± 0.8	0.6 ± 0.1	33 ± 3	30 ± 3	5.5 ± 0.2	5.6 ± 0.2	5.6 ± 0.4
In chamber	Historical no-drug control	46 ± 4	145 ± 5	1.3 ± 0.01	9.8 ± 1.9	3 ± 0.6	38 ± 2	34 ± 3	5.0 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.2	5.4 ± 0.4
In chamber	Cortexin	41 ± 2	170 ± 6ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	9.7 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.2a	34 ± 3	32 ± 3	5.4 ± 0.2	5.0 ± 0.2ab	5.4 ± 0.2
In chamber	Vinpotropil	44 ± 2	196 ± 6ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	10.4 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 0.3a	27 ± 3ab	27 ± 2ab	6.2 ± 0.3ab	5.9 ± 0.4ab	6.2 ± 0.2ab
In chamber	Noopept	45 ± 3	197 ± 8ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	11.4 ± 1.7	2.2 ± 2.2	31 ± 4a	27 ± 3ab	5.7 ± 0.2a	5.6 ± 0.2ab	5.9 ± 0.3
In chamber	Dilept	41 ± 1	186 ± 6ab	1.6 ± 0.01ab	12.6 ± 2.5	0.6 ± 0.4a	28 ± 3a	28 ± 3ab	6.3 ± 0.2ab	5.6 ± 0.3ab	6.1 ± 0.3ab
In chamber	Placebo	46 ± 4	154 ± 3	1.5 ± 0.01	9.5 ± 1.0	0.6 ± 0.2	33 ± 3	34 ± 3	5.4 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.1	5.6 ± 0.2

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Noopept PWC170 in cold	189 ± 10 versus 162 ± 2	Placebo comparison in the cold chamber; source PWC170 values, units not added · Cold chamber · Source marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept PWC170 in heat	188 ± 6 versus 152 ± 1	Placebo in the heat chamber; values checked in Table 2 · Heat chamber · Source marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept arithmetic errors in heat	0 ± 0 versus 0.8 ± 0.2	Placebo in the heat chamber; test-specific errors · Heat chamber · Source significance marker versus placebo and historical control
Noopept state / trait anxiety in heat	27 ± 3 / 27 ± 2	Historical controls: 38 ± 2 / 34 ± 3; retain separate comparison identities · Heat chamber · Source marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept PWC170 at simulated altitude	197 ± 8 versus 154 ± 3	Concurrent placebo; source values · Simulated 3,000 m · Source marks p<0.05 versus placebo and historical control
Noopept activity self-rating in heat	5.9 ± 0.4 versus 4.2 ± 0.2	Historical no-drug controls; the placebo value is separately shown in the table · Heat chamber

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
Noopept	Favorable psychological measures in heat and cold; physical efficiency reported in heat	No effect sizes in the publisher abstract.
Cortexin and Vinpotropil	Cortexin effects described in cold and hypoxia; Vinpotropil in cold and heat	Distinct preparations and endpoints.
Dilept	Favorable psychological functional-state measures described	No numerical comparison or group counts in the abstract.

Measure	Result	Comparison, timing and statistics
EEG power	Alpha/beta increased; delta decreased; patterns more typical in vascular than traumatic disease	No absolute spectral-power changes or clinical effect sizes supplied
Alpha frequency region	6.7–10.2 Hz	Frequency band implicated in the EEG response; not a cognitive effect size

NoopeptНоопепт

What the studies found

Environmental experiments found different effects by setting

Noopept, spatial memory and amyloid immunoreactivity after olfactory bulbectomy

Noopept: fewer arithmetic errors during chamber heat

About Noopept

Names in this research collection

New clinical review and related research

Half-life and related resources

Interspecies differences of Noopept pharmacokinetics ↗

Pharmacokinetics of Noopept and its active metabolite cycloprolylglycine in rats ↗

Physicochemical and structural analysis of Noopept ↗

Nootropic product market surveillance by 12 official medicines control laboratories ↗

More study findings

Age and baseline anxiety in Lysenko’s peptide stress models

Rat behavioral assays: noopept

Noopept and age-dependent responses to exercise stress in rats

Noopept, apoptosis and tau phosphorylation in an amyloid-exposed cell model

The major metabolite of dipeptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 in rat brain and its similarity to endogenous neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine.

Performance research in context

Understanding the evidence

Connections in the research

CPG & GZK-111 ↗

NGF mimetics: GK & GTS series ↗

What remains unclear

Clinical records and environmental methods expanded

What remains unresolved

Noopept: cognition and environmental stress

Healthy-volunteer environmental studies

Neurotrophins, signaling and hypoxia.

Clinical populations

Limits of comparison with Bromantane

The Kirov environmental-stress program.

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings and study design

Heat exposure and brain connectivity

Reported findings and study design

PDFs, dissertation and remaining source work.

Development and Study of New Meteoadaptogens — Разработка и изучение новых метеоадаптогенов ↗

Noopept / increasing human meteorological resistance — patent trail ↗

Meteoadaptogenic properties of nootropic preparations — related PDF ↗

Meteoadaptogenic properties of peptide drugs in healthy volunteers — journal PDF ↗

Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Substituted Pro-Gly Dipeptide Noopept — PDF ↗

Trekrezan as a metabolic activator, meteoadaptogen, psychoenergizer and immunomodulator ↗

Patents and claimed inventions

Linked sources

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings and study design

Protocol information

Reported findings and study design

Dose, route and schedule

Reported findings and study design

Reported patent results

Reported patent results

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings and study design

Related compound research

Dilept research ↗

Cortexin research ↗

CPG & GZK-111 research ↗

Piracetam research ↗