RESEARCH ATLAS
← Compound index
COMPOUND RECORD / TREKREZAN

TrekrezanТрекрезан

PerformanceStressImmune Function
Source linked

What the studies found

Lab research · 2014

Metaprot, Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in rat macrophage assays

Study of multiple preparations

Peritoneal macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes
292 ± 5% at 0.1 mM each; 38 ± 2% at 20 mM eachTrekrezan plus Metaprot, relative to saline control (100%).Both marked p < 0.05 vs control.
Alveolar macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes
302 ± 15% with Metaprot; 20 ± 2% with Metaprot plus Trekrezan20 mM per included agent, relative to saline control.Each marked p < 0.05 vs control.
Polyoxidonium in alveolar macrophages, 40 minutes
163 ± 16% at 500 µg/mL; 69 ± 4% at 1,500 µg/mLRelative to saline control.Both marked p < 0.05 vs control.

After 40 minutes, low-concentration Trekrezan plus Metaprot raised peritoneal macrophage chemiluminescence to 292% of saline control. With the higher concentrations it fell to 38%.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Isolated peritoneal and alveolar macrophages from rats. The paper labels each results table n = 10.

Design The assay used 10 million cells per cuvette and a saline reference normalized to 100%. Metaprot and Trekrezan were tested at 0.1 or 20 mM, Polyoxidonium at 500 or 1,500 µg/mL, and combinations at matched low or high concentrations. Luminescence was recorded after 20 and 40 minutes of incubation.

Important limitations

  • Chemiluminescence is a superoxide-related assay signal. It does not measure infection resistance or a clinical immune response. The significance labels compare conditions with saline. They do not test an interaction between the two drugs.
  • The direction changed with concentration and cell source. The authors did not test pharmacological synergy.

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2014;12(1):15–18. · Publication record

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Animal research · 2006

Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in experimental bronchopulmonary inflammation

Study of multiple preparations

Lymphocyte and lung metabolites
Lower lactate, ADP and AMP; higher pyruvate and ATP with both drugs
Tissue-dependent response
Polyoxidonium’s metabolic response was more pronounced in lung tissueQualitative description. The abstract describes a stronger general metabolic effect with Trekrezan.
Lymphocyte immune status
Improvement described with both drugsNo effect sizes in the abstract.

Both preparations were associated with lower lactate and higher pyruvate and ATP in blood lymphocytes and lung tissue.

Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Wistar rats with turpentine-induced bronchopulmonary inflammation.

Design The abstract describes a tracheal turpentine model, comparing Trekrezan 25 mg/kg with Polyoxidonium 0.75 mg/kg. It omits the drug administration route and timing.

Important limitations

  • The abstract gives no group sizes, route, schedule, numerical endpoint estimates or safety results. The publication and Bolekhan’s dissertation involve the same research group and model. Independence is unverified.

Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2006;69(5):50–54. PMID 17153967. · Indexed abstract

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Animal research · 2006

Bolekhan’s dissertation on Bemitil and immunomodulators in lung inflammation

Study of multiple preparations

Metabolic markers
Lower lactate, ADP and AMP; higher pyruvate and ATPReported for the immunomodulators and their Bemitil combinations.
Relative individual activity
Bemitil led selected energy measures; Polyoxidonium led selected immunotropic measures
Cellular respiration markers
Bemitil increased flavoprotein fluorescence and lowered reduced pyridine nucleotide fluorescenceIn alveolar macrophages and blood lymphocytes. The other agents and the combinations did not show the same pattern.

The dissertation describes lower lactate and higher ATP with the immunomodulators and their Bemitil combinations. Bemitil led the reported energy measures among individual agents, while Polyoxidonium led selected immune measures.

More reported outcomes
Combination outcomes
Greater reported changes in selected metabolic and immune markersThe accessible transcription does not provide numerical estimates or an interaction analysis.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Rats with experimental acute bronchopulmonary inflammation.

Design Compared the three drugs and Bemitil combinations in rat bronchopulmonary inflammation, with lung histology, ATP and other metabolites, and phagocyte and lymphocyte endpoints.

Important limitations

  • Complete group tables, arm denominators and the separate Project Talent report require recovery. Related papers from the same laboratory may share animals or assays. No separate cohort is inferred.

Kirov Military Medical Academy. Candidate dissertation, St. Petersburg, 2006. The author names Project Talent, 4.04.133.п.12. · Dissertation excerpts

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗
01 / OVERVIEW

About Trekrezan

Names in this research collection

Trecrezan · Trekresan · Oxyethylammonium methylphenoxyacetate · Hydroxyethylammonium methylphenoxyacetate

A synthetic small molecule, oxyethylammonium methylphenoxyacetate, studied as an adaptogen and immune modulator. Trekrezan is not a peptide; it also appears as a component of experimental B-300.

Identity / background source ↗

Research background

A research lineage linking synthetic adaptogen chemistry with Kirov environmental-stress and immune-metabolism programs. Human cold-exposure work, animal hypoxia studies and experimental combinations are distinguished below.

Autoimmune research: disease-specific findings, immune effects and open questions ↗

Shustov papers, coauthors and archival leads ↗

Compound class
Synthetic adaptogen / immune-modulation research
Research collection
Actoprotection & occupational pharmacology · editorial grouping
Research institutions
No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review
Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.
02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH

Understanding the evidence

Human research

75-man cold-exposure report; allocation and full methods unresolved

Study methods

Indexed abstracts, reviews and dissertation excerpts; study-specific limits retained

Independent replication

2007/2008 cold-cohort overlap unresolved; reviews may reuse the same experiments

Source access

English abstracts, Russian PDFs, library scan and clearly labeled acquisition targets

Safety evidence

Long-term safety and real-world extreme-environment protection not established by this collection

Open a topic for the evidence assessment.

More findings, background and history

What remains unclear

The original report and protocol would clarify group sizes, background treatment and translation. Independent replication and equivalence to current products remain uncertain.

Human reports are linked; their presence does not establish effectiveness. Several publications can describe the same participants.

Browse original study records ↗
SOURCE REVIEW / 2 OCTOBER 2026

Duplicate cold-study record consolidated

The two records for PMID 18383733 now resolve to one publication. The 75-man cold report remains distinct from animal immune-metabolism work.

What remains unresolved

Retrieve original cold-study tables and Ganapolsky thesis; 2007/2008 cohort overlap and treatment-arm sizes remain unresolved.

Source 1 ↗Source 2 ↗

Compare all 13 evidence updates ↗

TREKREZAN / RESEARCH LINEAGE

Environmental adaptation and immune metabolism.

The bibliography includes Voronkov and Rasulov’s chemistry review with Shabanov and Ganapolsky’s meteoadaptation program, followed by Zhumasheva’s experimental immune research. “Meteoadaptogen” describes the historical research aim of adaptation to changing environmental conditions; it is not an evidence grade.

Chemistry and development ↗ · 2006 terminology ↗ · Meteoadaptation program ↗

HUMAN / COLD

The 2008 volunteer report

The indexed abstract describes 75 healthy men aged 20–24 in a cold chamber and reports improved physical and metabolic measures after pretreatment. It does not provide enough information to establish allocation, blinding, durability or field safety.

Indexed human study ↗
ANIMAL / HYPOXIA

Repeated hypoxic training

A rat study measured tissue metabolism during repeated hypoxic training. This differs from demonstrating immediate protection in healthy people exposed to low oxygen.

Hypoxic-training experiment ↗
ANIMAL / INFLAMMATION

Energy and immune endpoints

Experimental bronchopneumonia work links Trekrezan to immune and metabolic changes in lung tissue and lymphocytes. These findings do not establish clinical treatment benefits.

Bronchopneumonia experiment ↗

Trekrezan + Metaprot

Zhumasheva’s dissertation compares the combination with individual compounds in rat inflammation models. Selected metabolic and immune measures favored combined treatment. This is a distinct experimental combination; it is not a human stack or the multi-ingredient B-300 formulation.

Dissertation evidence ↗ · Combination matrix ↗ · B-300 ↗

Mechanisms remain hypotheses

Immune signaling, interferon-related activity, cellular energy metabolism and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase appear in the literature. The 2011 mechanistic paper is a preclinical source, not proof of a settled human pathway or broad therapeutic effectiveness.

Mechanistic paper and PDF ↗ · Pharmacology review ↗

How the environmental findings fit together

Cold, heat, hypoxic training and diseased lung models are different experiments. Negative findings under one protocol and positive metabolic findings under another need not conflict. B-300 findings cannot isolate Trekrezan’s contribution. The separate 2007 peptide/nootropic volunteer comparison should not be treated as a Trekrezan experiment.

Bibliography, PDFs and remaining gaps

The 2007 cold paper remains a full-text target. Its relationship to the 2008 volunteer cohort is unresolved. Reviews, conference reports and dissertations from the same program are not automatically independent studies. Early chemical-history dates and broader cardiovascular, toxic-exposure and thermal claims remain acquisition leads.

Bibliographic lead; original not recovered

Study of the meteoadaptogenic properties of Trekrezan in healthy volunteers under cold exposure

Citation confirmed in Ganapolsky’s publication list. Full paper, allocation and cohort overlap with the 2008 indexed article remain unresolved.

Citation and source access ↗
Russian author’s abstract / web transcription

Development and study of new meteoadaptogens

The program studied several drug classes under environmental stress. The complete dissertation is needed to identify the experiments that tested Trekrezan.

Citation and source access ↗
Bibliographic lead; original not recovered

Trekrezan: Toxicology, Pharmacology, Results of Clinical Trials

Reference 25 confirms the monograph citation. The book and its underlying clinical datasets have not been recovered.

Citation and source access ↗
Bibliographic lead; original not recovered

Metabolic Correctors of Hypoxia

Reference 39 confirms this book. A cross-compound acquisition target, not direct Trekrezan clinical evidence.

Citation and source access ↗
Library-listed Russian PDF; scan not fully appraised

Pharmacology of the immunomodulator Trekrezan — library scan

Library record provides an open-access scan. This is the author’s abstract, not the complete thesis.

Citation and source access ↗
Russian PDF available

Pharmacology of Trekrezan — Russian review PDF

Access companion to trek-review-2014, not an additional study.

Citation and source access ↗
Publisher record and Russian PDF

Trecrezan as an activator of aminoacyl-tRNA synthase mRNA

Mechanistic/preclinical lead concerning tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. It does not establish a settled human mechanism; detailed methods appraisal pending.

Citation and source access ↗
Publisher record / abstract

Trekrezan as a metabolic activator with meteoadaptogenic, psychoenergizing and immunomodulatory properties

Historical terminology anchor; publisher metadata located. Full article and discrepant author lists require checking.

Citation and source access ↗
Bibliographic lead; original not recovered

Cardiovascular, toxic-exposure and early chemistry acquisition targets

Locate Lando’s 2006 myocardial-infarction dissertation and Bobkova’s reported 2015 lipid/ischaemic-heart-disease work; verify SU 515742 chemistry lineage. Recover original thermal, solvent, heavy-metal, radiation and tissue-repair studies before importing quantitative claims.

Citation and source access ↗
Educational only; not medical advice. Seek qualified healthcare help for any condition. These findings do not establish protection against cold, heat, hypoxia or toxic exposure and are not personal treatment or dosing recommendations.
PATENT RESEARCH / COLLECTION UPDATED 7 NOVEMBER 2026

Patents and claimed inventions

These 1 grouped records distinguish claimed molecules, uses, formulations and related chemistry. Patent disclosure does not establish clinical benefit or approval.

2023 · RU2806642C1 · Trekrezan: defined composition and minor componentsFormulation · The composition is described as dissolving faster than the reference preparation

Narrative findings; numerical extraction incomplete

The disclosure claims faster dissolution and earlier clinical recovery, but does not provide a sufficiently clear completed-trial outcome table.

Dissolution comparison
The composition is described as dissolving faster than the reference preparationA formulation result; no transcribed dissolution curve or comparative exposure estimate
Clinical assertion
Improvement stated by day 3 and complete recovery by day 9, versus residual symptoms with the referenceNo verified analyzed denominator, arm-level recovery counts or uncertainty supplied
All reported results, comparisons and limitations →

Formulation. The claims concern a specified Trekrezan-related composition, including defined minor constituents.

A composition with particular constituents is narrower than the base molecule; efficacy should not be assigned to impurities without supporting experiments.

Publication
RU2806642C1 ↗ · 2023-11-02
Earliest priority / filing
Not established / 2023-04-07
Original applicant / assignee
Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Гротекс"
Indexed status
Not shown; official status unverified · checked 2026-11-06
Patent family
Grouping identifier unavailable · family publications are related filings, not independent studies.
Original title, inventors and related publications

Adaptogenic, immunomodulating and anti-viral pharmaceutical composition of oxyethylammonium methylphenoxyacetate

Inventors: Олег Викторович Жеребцов; Ерануи Феликсовна Агаджанян; Яна Александровна Каменчук.

RU2806642C1

Original patent PDF ↗

Read source review →

Status is an indexed snapshot, not an official legal assessment. Search the patent collection and read the method →

03 / SOURCE RECORDS

Linked sources

Explore the research map and unresolved leads ↗

2014 · Metaprot, Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in rat macrophage assaysPeritoneal macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes: 292 ± 5% at 0.1 mM each; 38 ± 2% at 20 mM each
2014In vitroFull text available

Metaprot, Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in rat macrophage assays

I. V. Zarubina, E. V. Antonenkova, A. V. Bolekhan, E. V. Mokrenko · Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2014;12(1):15–18.

After 40 minutes, low-concentration Trekrezan plus Metaprot raised peritoneal macrophage chemiluminescence to 292% of saline control. With the higher concentrations it fell to 38%.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Reported findings

The assay used 10 million cells per cuvette and a saline reference normalized to 100%. Metaprot and Trekrezan were tested at 0.1 or 20 mM, Polyoxidonium at 500 or 1,500 µg/mL, and combinations at matched low or high concentrations. Luminescence was recorded after 20 and 40 minutes of incubation.

Results · Original PDF, methods and Tables 1–2
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Peritoneal macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes292 ± 5% at 0.1 mM each; 38 ± 2% at 20 mM eachTrekrezan plus Metaprot, relative to saline control (100%). · Both marked p < 0.05 vs control.
Alveolar macrophage luminescence, 40 minutes302 ± 15% with Metaprot; 20 ± 2% with Metaprot plus Trekrezan20 mM per included agent, relative to saline control. · Each marked p < 0.05 vs control.
Polyoxidonium in alveolar macrophages, 40 minutes163 ± 16% at 500 µg/mL; 69 ± 4% at 1,500 µg/mLRelative to saline control. · Both marked p < 0.05 vs control.
Selected luminescence intensities from Tables 1 and 2 (% of saline control)
Selected luminescence intensities from Tables 1 and 2 (% of saline control)
ExposurePeritoneal, 20 minPeritoneal, 40 minAlveolar, 20 minAlveolar, 40 min
Saline100100100100
Metaprot 20 mM21 ± 236 ± 4297 ± 23302 ± 15
Trekrezan + Metaprot, 0.1 mM each191 ± 6292 ± 5133 ± 2124 ± 3
Trekrezan + Metaprot, 20 mM each28 ± 138 ± 240 ± 320 ± 2
Polyoxidonium 500 µg/mL115 ± 5108 ± 3180 ± 16163 ± 16
Polyoxidonium 1,500 µg/mL86 ± 692 ± 985 ± 569 ± 4
Polyoxidonium 1,500 µg/mL + Metaprot 20 mM27 ± 336 ± 366 ± 485 ± 5

Values and uncertainty terms as printed. This table extracts intensity rather than peak luminescence.

The direction changed with concentration and cell source. The authors did not test pharmacological synergy.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-11

Population / setting
Isolated peritoneal and alveolar macrophages from rats. The paper labels each results table n = 10.
Source reviewed
Original journal PDF, experimental methods and Tables 1–2 checked.
Study limitations
  • Chemiluminescence is a superoxide-related assay signal. It does not measure infection resistance or a clinical immune response.
  • The significance labels compare conditions with saline. They do not test an interaction between the two drugs.

Reviewed 2026-11-11.

Read the source ↗
2006 · Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in experimental bronchopulmonary inflammationLymphocyte and lung metabolites: Lower lactate, ADP and AMP; higher pyruvate and ATP with both drugs
2006Animal / experimentalEnglish abstract

Trekrezan and Polyoxidonium in experimental bronchopulmonary inflammation

I. V. Zarubina, A. V. Bolekhan, P. D. Shabanov · Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2006;69(5):50–54. PMID 17153967.

Both preparations were associated with lower lactate and higher pyruvate and ATP in blood lymphocytes and lung tissue.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Narrative findings; numerical extraction incomplete

The abstract describes a tracheal turpentine model, comparing Trekrezan 25 mg/kg with Polyoxidonium 0.75 mg/kg. It omits the drug administration route and timing.

Results · Original indexed abstract
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Lymphocyte and lung metabolitesLower lactate, ADP and AMP; higher pyruvate and ATP with both drugs
Tissue-dependent responsePolyoxidonium’s metabolic response was more pronounced in lung tissueQualitative description. The abstract describes a stronger general metabolic effect with Trekrezan.
Lymphocyte immune statusImprovement described with both drugsNo effect sizes in the abstract.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-11

Population / setting
Wistar rats with turpentine-induced bronchopulmonary inflammation.
Source reviewed
Original indexed abstract checked.
Study limitations
  • The abstract gives no group sizes, route, schedule, numerical endpoint estimates or safety results.
  • The publication and Bolekhan’s dissertation involve the same research group and model. Independence is unverified.

Reviewed 2026-11-11.

Read the source ↗
2006 · Bolekhan’s dissertation on Bemitil and immunomodulators in lung inflammationMetabolic markers: Lower lactate, ADP and AMP; higher pyruvate and ATP
2006Animal / experimentalRussian source · see review scope

Bolekhan’s dissertation on Bemitil and immunomodulators in lung inflammation

· Dissertation excerpts

A. V. Bolekhan · Kirov Military Medical Academy. Candidate dissertation, St. Petersburg, 2006. The author names Project Talent, 4.04.133.п.12.

The dissertation describes lower lactate and higher ATP with the immunomodulators and their Bemitil combinations. Bemitil led the reported energy measures among individual agents, while Polyoxidonium led selected immune measures.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Narrative findings; numerical extraction incomplete

Compared the three drugs and Bemitil combinations in rat bronchopulmonary inflammation, with lung histology, ATP and other metabolites, and phagocyte and lymphocyte endpoints.

Results · Dissertation contents and conclusions
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Metabolic markersLower lactate, ADP and AMP; higher pyruvate and ATPReported for the immunomodulators and their Bemitil combinations.
Relative individual activityBemitil led selected energy measures; Polyoxidonium led selected immunotropic measures
Cellular respiration markersBemitil increased flavoprotein fluorescence and lowered reduced pyridine nucleotide fluorescenceIn alveolar macrophages and blood lymphocytes. The other agents and the combinations did not show the same pattern.
Combination outcomesGreater reported changes in selected metabolic and immune markersThe accessible transcription does not provide numerical estimates or an interaction analysis.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-11

Population / setting
Rats with experimental acute bronchopulmonary inflammation.
Source reviewed
Dissertation contents, introduction and conclusions in Russian transcription.
Study limitations
  • Complete group tables, arm denominators and the separate Project Talent report require recovery.
  • Related papers from the same laboratory may share animals or assays. No separate cohort is inferred.

Reviewed 2026-11-11.

Read the source ↗
2023 · Trekrezan: defined composition and minor components — RU2806642C1Dissolution comparison: The composition is described as dissolving faster than the reference preparation
2023Patent / reported experimentsFull text available

Trekrezan: defined composition and minor components — RU2806642C1

Patent-defined substance or composition · Patent publication

Format: Original patent text and indexed metadata · Reviewed: Claims, selected reported findings and limitations reviewed; supporting experiments not comprehensively appraised.

Олег Викторович Жеребцов, Ерануи Феликсовна Агаджанян, Яна Александровна Каменчук · RU2806642C1 · patent family RU2806642C1

The disclosure claims faster dissolution and earlier clinical recovery, but does not provide a sufficiently clear completed-trial outcome table.

Results and tables

Reported patent results

Narrative findings; numerical extraction incomplete

The disclosure claims faster dissolution and earlier clinical recovery, but does not provide a sufficiently clear completed-trial outcome table.

Trekrezan-related composition development with dissolution and immune assays; a clinical influenza section mixes prospective protocol language and concluding effectiveness assertions.

Results · Dissolution narrative, clinical protocol and final effectiveness paragraph; planned versus measured data separated.
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Dissolution comparisonThe composition is described as dissolving faster than the reference preparationA formulation result; no transcribed dissolution curve or comparative exposure estimate
Clinical assertionImprovement stated by day 3 and complete recovery by day 9, versus residual symptoms with the referenceNo verified analyzed denominator, arm-level recovery counts or uncertainty supplied
Completion ambiguityMuch of the clinical section describes what patients “will receive”A proposed protocol is not evidence that its outcome was achieved

Clinical effectiveness is not established by the closing assertion. Composition-specific dissolution findings cannot validate all Trekrezan products or isolate an additive’s benefit.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-06

Population / setting
Trekrezan-related composition development with dissolution and immune assays; a clinical influenza section mixes prospective protocol language and concluding effectiveness assertions.
Source reviewed
Original patent publication accessed through Google Patents. Claims, selected reported findings and source limitations checked. The results section identifies the examples, tables and any numerical extraction gaps. No complete experimental audit, prosecution review or legal claim construction was performed.
Study limitations
  • A composition with particular constituents is narrower than the base molecule; efficacy should not be assigned to impurities without supporting experiments.
  • Clinical effectiveness is not established by the closing assertion. Composition-specific dissolution findings cannot validate all Trekrezan products or isolate an additive’s benefit.
  • Patents record claimed inventions and supporting disclosures. Publication or grant does not establish clinical efficacy, safety or marketing approval. Members of one patent family and related journal reports can describe the same experiments.
  • Status labels are Google Patents index snapshots for the displayed publication or application; each record lists the review date. Official registers and every national family member have not been independently checked. These labels do not establish freedom to operate.

Reviewed 2026-11-06.

Read the source ↗
2023 · Cytoflavin–Trekrezan plus training: a 15-mountaineer placebo comparisonGroup sizes: Seven placebo; eight preparation-sequence participants; fifteen total.
2023Human comparative studyFull text available

Cytoflavin–Trekrezan plus training: a 15-mountaineer placebo comparison

Sequential Trekrezan and Cytoflavin plus hypoxic training; placebo plus training comparator · Original conference abstract

Format: Complete one-page publisher PDF · Reviewed: Entire original abstract visually checked

V. P. Ganapolsky, V. O. Matytsin, A. E. Kim · Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2023;86(11s):37

Both groups improved oxygen consumption with training; there was no significant between-group difference. The drug group had a reported attention improvement with an incompletely specified contrast.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Training-associated improvements did not establish an oxygen-consumption benefit from adding the preparation sequence.

Results · Complete original publisher conference abstract, p.37; visually checked
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Group sizesSeven placebo; eight preparation-sequence participants; fifteen total.
Peak oxygen consumption per body massPlacebo +5% (p=0.026); preparation sequence +7% (p=0.011).Changes within each group; no statistically significant between-group difference reported.
Attention-task productivityImprovement reported in the preparation group, p=0.028.Exact contrast, raw scores and effect size not clearly supplied.

The authors identify training as the main factor in physical-endurance improvement. A treatment-specific attention benefit and synergy require stronger comparisons.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-06

Population / setting
15 male mountaineers aged 23–30: seven placebo and eight pharmacological-correction participants
Source reviewed
Complete publisher abstract, p.37. Related coauthor paper; Shustov is not an author.
Study limitations
  • Randomization, allocation concealment and blinding procedures are not described.
  • No component-only arms; the preparation sequence does not establish Trekrezan efficacy alone or combination synergy.
  • No numerical oxygen-consumption advantage over placebo was established. The attention p-value does not clearly identify its statistical contrast.
  • Small conference report; full protocol, adverse events and later replication remain unresolved.

Reviewed 2026-11-06.

Read the source ↗
2008 · Functional and metabolic changes of healthy volunteers after cold exposure and administration of meteoadaptogen TrekrezanPhysical and metabolic measures: Reported normalization after pretreatment
2008Human comparative studyEnglish abstract

Functional and metabolic changes of healthy volunteers after cold exposure and administration of meteoadaptogen Trekrezan

I. V. Zarubina, V. P. Ganapolsky, P. D. Shabanov · Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 94(1):62–67

In a 75-volunteer cold-exposure report, Trekrezan was described as normalizing physical and metabolic measures; the abstract provides exposure conditions but no numerical performance effect.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

In a 75-volunteer cold-exposure report, Trekrezan was described as normalizing physical and metabolic measures; the abstract provides exposure conditions but no numerical performance effect.

75 healthy men aged 20–24; controlled cold exposure.

Results · Primary-publication indexed abstract; no full-text table appraisal
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Physical and metabolic measuresReported normalization after pretreatmentNo numerical work-capacity or cognitive-task change supplied
Participants75 healthy men
Exposure conditions−10°C; wind 2.5 m/s; 40 minutesEnvironmental challenge, not an outcome
Studied dose0.2 g before cold exposure

This is the same publication as the canonical Trekrezan cold-exposure record, not independent replication.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-01

Population / setting
75 healthy men aged 20–24; cold chamber experiment
Source reviewed
Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.
Study limitations
  • Allocation, blinding, group sizes and adverse-event reporting cannot be established from the abstract.
  • The 2007 cold-exposure report may cover the same participants.
  • PubMed lists pages 62–67; some later bibliographies give 56–61.

Reviewed 2026-11-01.

Read the source ↗
2008 · Metabolic effects of Trekrezan during adaptation of rats to intermittent hypoxic hypoxiaBrain, heart and liver adaptation: Enhanced metabolic changes reported
2008Animal / experimentalEnglish abstract

Metabolic effects of Trekrezan during adaptation of rats to intermittent hypoxic hypoxia

I. V. Zarubina · Bull Exp Biol Med 145(1):47–50

Trekrezan was associated with stronger adaptive metabolic changes in brain, heart and liver during a three-day hypoxic-training experiment.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Rat hypoxia-adaptation model for three days: four daily chamber ascents to 6,000 m for 20 minutes, ascent rate 15 m/s, 20-minute intervals. Trekrezan 25 mg/kg IP after daily training.

Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Brain, heart and liver adaptationEnhanced metabolic changes reportedNo numerical tissue-effect magnitudes supplied

Values describe this study and its comparison. Unreported effect sizes and missing denominators have not been inferred.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-10-29

Population / setting
Rats undergoing intermittent hypoxic training
Source reviewed
Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.
Study limitations
  • Animal metabolic endpoints do not demonstrate protection from human altitude illness or occupational hypoxia.

Reviewed 2026-09-30.

Read the source ↗
2006 · Efficiency of Trekrezan in experimental bronchopneumonia in ratsLactate/ADP/AMP: Lower values reported
2006Animal / experimentalEnglish abstract

Efficiency of Trekrezan in experimental bronchopneumonia in rats

I. V. Zarubina, A. V. Bolekhan, P. D. Shabanov · Bull Exp Biol Med 142(2):205–208

The abstract reports altered lymphocyte immune measures, lower lactate and higher ATP and pyruvate in lung tissue and blood lymphocytes.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Rat acute-bronchopneumonia model; Trekrezan 25 mg/kg.

Results · Previously retrieved indexed abstract; numerical statements checked against the saved source text
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Lactate/ADP/AMPLower values reported
Pyruvate/ATPHigher values reportedNo numerical concentrations supplied

Values describe this study and its comparison. Unreported effect sizes and missing denominators have not been inferred.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-10-29

Population / setting
Rats with experimental acute bronchopneumonia
Source reviewed
Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.
Study limitations
  • Preclinical disease model; no human pneumonia benefit established. Program overlap with later dissertation and review is possible.

Reviewed 2026-09-30.

Read the source ↗
2009 · Pharmacology of the immunomodulator Trekrezan
2009Animal / experimentalRussian source · see review scope

Pharmacology of the immunomodulator Trekrezan

Format: Author’s-abstract transcription · Reviewed: Selected experimental passages

A. B. Zhumasheva · Kirov Military Medical Academy; dissertation author’s abstract

The dissertation transcription compares Trekrezan, Metaprot and Polyoxidonium, including combinations. Trekrezan plus Metaprot produced larger changes in selected energy-metabolism and immune endpoints than either alone.

Population / setting
Experimental immune models, including bronchopulmonary inflammation in rats
Source reviewed
Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.
Study limitations
  • Author’s abstract/transcription is not a completed appraisal of the original thesis.
  • This is animal combination research, not a human regimen or independent replication of the same program.

Reviewed 2026-10-02.

Read the source ↗
2014 · Pharmacology of Trekrezan, a new immune modulator and adaptogen
2014ReviewRussian source · see review scope

Pharmacology of Trekrezan, a new immune modulator and adaptogen

P. D. Shabanov, I. V. Zarubina, E. V. Mokrenko · Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 12(2):12–27

Reviews immune, inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms, including Trekrezan/Metaprot combinations in rat models.

Population / setting
Review of experimental pharmacology
Source reviewed
Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.
Study limitations
  • Review and originating-group synthesis; not a new human trial.

Reviewed 2026-09-30.

Read the source ↗
2007 · Trekrezan: founder of a new class of adaptogens and immunomodulators
2007ReviewRussian source · see review scope

Trekrezan: founder of a new class of adaptogens and immunomodulators

M. G. Voronkov, M. M. Rasulov · Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal 41(1):3–7

A chemistry and development anchor covering immune, stress and tissue-repair research branches.

Population / setting
Historical pharmacology review
Source reviewed
Citation and available abstract or selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk-of-bias appraisal pending.
Study limitations
  • Broad therapeutic proposals in a review are not established indications or independently appraised clinical findings.

Reviewed 2026-09-30.

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Bemitil research ↗

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