RESEARCH ATLAS
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COMPOUND RECORD / PIRABEL

PirabelПирабел

RecoveryPerformance
Source linked

What the studies found

Comparison in people · 2019

Pirabel during prolonged physical work and recovery — monograph section 6.2

Study of multiple preparations

Timing
Immediately before loading and four hours after it began
Workload duration
Six hours
Trial grouping
Eight groups78 is the entire program, not the Pirabel-only arm

The book describes a double-blind comparison including placebo, Bemitil, and Pirabel, with performance and recovery measures. It reports endpoint-specific differences, not universal improvement.

More reported outcomes
Performance and recovery
Endpoint-dependent differences reportedNo piracetam-only arm; exact numerical result tables deferred
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model 78 healthy volunteers aged 18–25, divided into eight groups; six-hour physical-load model

Design Recovered monograph section 6.2: 78 healthy volunteers aged 18–25 in eight baseline-matched groups; double-blind description; six-hour cyclic physical workload.

Pirabel per administration
Piracetam 0.6 g + Bemitil 0.25 g

Important limitations

  • Group allocation is described as equivalent groups; randomization has not been established. No piracetam-only group appears in the listed comparison, so this cannot establish pharmacological synergy. A monograph report is not independent replication; original cited reports require retrieval. Young volunteers performing controlled physical work do not establish effects on sleep, watchkeeping, or toxic-exposure safety.
  • Existing visually checked monograph methods used. Randomization is unconfirmed; combination versus placebo does not establish synergy.

Work Capacity, Fatigue, Correction. Knorus; section 6.2, pp. 184–189 · Publication record

Original source or citation ↗

Study results and tables ↗

Comparison in people · 2004

A program linking hypoxia, training and drug exposure

Study of multiple preparations

Piracetam + Bemitil · experimental interaction
Supra-additivity reported with Bemitil at 16–30% of total formulation massThe dissertation reports additive effects outside that window and possible partial antagonism with further dose escalation. Animal hypoxia findings.
Bemitil elimination
Approximately twice as fast when co-administered with piracetamAuthor-reported pharmacokinetic conclusion; underlying estimates, sampling and model require the original tables.
Animal swim experiment
Piracetam 90 mg/kg: +25%; Bemitil 37.5 mg/kg: +45%Author conclusions; separate tested doses, not a clinical comparison.

Piracetam combinations were tested with Bemitil, phenibut or sydnocarb. In animals, the author describes a narrow range of supra-additivity, additive or antagonistic effects at other ratios, and faster Bemitil elimination with piracetam.

More reported outcomes
Other formulations
Pirafen: piracetam + phenibut; Pirasid: piracetam + sydnocarbDistinct preparations and task-dependent results. The excerpt does not establish a universal benefit.
Human performance evidence
Group-level estimates and complete allocation not recoveredSeparate studies within the dissertation; no basis for a clinical regimen.
Study notes · methods, sources and limitations

Participants or model Several animal and human experiments; human study settings separated in the program table

Design 122-page dissertation supervised by E. B. Shustov, with separate animal models, human experiments and pharmacokinetic observations.

Important limitations

  • Several experiments from one dissertation, not independent replications.
  • Experiments within one dissertation are not independent program replication. OCR gaps, small groups and incomplete allocation details limit appraisal. Combination exposure changes do not establish clinical synergy.
  • An interaction can change direction with dose and endpoint. The animal and pharmacokinetic observations do not validate a human combination.

Candidate dissertation author’s abstract, Saint Petersburg, 2004 · Dissertation transcription

Original source or citation ↗

Source for the reported results ↗

Study results and tables ↗
01 / OVERVIEW

About Pirabel

Names in this research collection

Piracetam + Bemitil

A research formulation combining piracetam and Bemitil. It is a combination of two compounds, not a separate peptide or a synonym for either ingredient.

Identity / background source ↗

Research background

A piracetam–Bemitil combination described in an earlier dissertation and a 2019 monograph on fatigue. Independent replication is unconfirmed.

Russian ME/CFS and fatigue research ↗

Shustov papers, coauthors and archival leads ↗

Compound class
Combination research
Research collection
Related nootropics & combinations · editorial grouping
Research institutions
No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review
Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.
02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH

Understanding the evidence

Human research

Historical human comparison; allocation and methods need verification

Study methods

Not assessed

Independent replication

Not assessed

Source access

Russian monograph reviewed. Author’s publication page linked.

Safety evidence

Not assessed

Open a topic for the evidence assessment.

More findings, background and history

What remains unclear

The 2019 monograph describes eight groups. The original reports on pp. 184–189 and Kim’s dissertation would clarify group assignment and participant overlap. Without a piracetam-only arm, the study cannot establish synergy.

Human reports are linked; their presence does not establish effectiveness. Several publications can describe the same participants.

Browse original study records ↗
SOURCE REVIEW / 2 OCTOBER 2026

Program and experiment boundaries expanded

The recovered monograph comparison and Kim dissertation transcription are linked. Human pharmacokinetics, training and environmental performance are separated.

What remains unresolved

Recover original experiment publications and complete thesis; clarify overlap with the 78-volunteer monograph program.

Source 1 ↗Source 2 ↗

Kim: hypoxia comparison

48 healthy men aged 20–28 · Drug and placebo exposures separated by 2–3 weeks; four baseline-matched groups

Measures: Laboratory mental and physical performance. Transcription loses some denominators; allocation order and washout adequacy remain unresolved.

Program source ↗

Kim: visuomotor learning

40 inexperienced operators; five groups of eight · Described as randomized and double-blind

Measures: Time maintaining a tracking signal in its target area. Small groups and practice effects; not an operational accident or fatigue-safety study.

Program source ↗

Kim: human pharmacokinetics

18 healthy men aged 21–25; three groups of six · Single-exposure comparison of combination and individual components

Measures: Blood concentration time course. Pharmacokinetics does not establish efficacy or clinical synergy.

Program source ↗

Pirabel: prolonged physical work

78 volunteers aged 18–25; eight baseline-matched groups · Described as double-blind; six-hour cyclic physical-work model

Measures: Dynamic work, endurance and recovery measures. Randomization unconfirmed; no piracetam-only arm. Separate from the subsequent 20-man Bemitil/Sydnocarb experiment.

Program source ↗

Compare all 13 evidence updates ↗

03 / SOURCE RECORDS

Linked sources

Explore the research map and unresolved leads ↗

2004 · Modification of piracetam’s nootropic action by phenibut, Bemitil and SydnocarbPiracetam + Bemitil · experimental interaction: Supra-additivity reported with Bemitil at 16–30% of total formulation mass
2004Human comparative studyRussian source · see review scope

Modification of piracetam’s nootropic action by phenibut, Bemitil and Sydnocarb

· Dissertation transcription

Format: Author’s-abstract transcription · Reviewed: Selected methods, ratio-dependent findings and pharmacokinetic conclusions

A. E. Kim · Candidate dissertation author’s abstract, Saint Petersburg, 2004

Piracetam combinations were tested with Bemitil, phenibut or sydnocarb. In animals, the author describes a narrow range of supra-additivity, additive or antagonistic effects at other ratios, and faster Bemitil elimination with piracetam.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

122-page dissertation supervised by E. B. Shustov, with separate animal models, human experiments and pharmacokinetic observations.

Results · Original dissertation conclusions in catalog transcription; primary tables not retrieved
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Piracetam + Bemitil · experimental interactionSupra-additivity reported with Bemitil at 16–30% of total formulation massThe dissertation reports additive effects outside that window and possible partial antagonism with further dose escalation. Animal hypoxia findings.
Bemitil eliminationApproximately twice as fast when co-administered with piracetamAuthor-reported pharmacokinetic conclusion; underlying estimates, sampling and model require the original tables.
Animal swim experimentPiracetam 90 mg/kg: +25%; Bemitil 37.5 mg/kg: +45%Author conclusions; separate tested doses, not a clinical comparison.
Other formulationsPirafen: piracetam + phenibut; Pirasid: piracetam + sydnocarbDistinct preparations and task-dependent results. The excerpt does not establish a universal benefit.
Human performance evidenceGroup-level estimates and complete allocation not recoveredSeparate studies within the dissertation; no basis for a clinical regimen.

An interaction can change direction with dose and endpoint. The animal and pharmacokinetic observations do not validate a human combination.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-08

Population / setting
Several animal and human experiments; human study settings separated in the program table
Source reviewed
Dissertation excerpt and conclusions checked against the earlier source record; exact original interaction and pharmacokinetic tables not recovered.
Study limitations
  • Experiments within one dissertation are not independent program replication.
  • OCR gaps, small groups and incomplete allocation details limit appraisal.
  • Combination exposure changes do not establish clinical synergy.

Reviewed 2026-11-08.

Read the source ↗
2019 · Pirabel during prolonged physical work and recovery — monograph section 6.2Pirabel per administration: Piracetam 0.6 g + Bemitil 0.25 g
2019Human comparative studyRussian source · see review scope

Pirabel during prolonged physical work and recovery — monograph section 6.2

Format: Recovered monograph section · Reviewed: Section 6.2; allocation appraisal incomplete

S. V. Okovityi, E. B. Shustov, V. Ts. Bolotova · Work Capacity, Fatigue, Correction. Knorus; section 6.2, pp. 184–189

The book describes a double-blind comparison including placebo, Bemitil, and Pirabel, with performance and recovery measures. It reports endpoint-specific differences, not universal improvement.

Results and tables

Reported findings and study design

Recovered monograph section 6.2: 78 healthy volunteers aged 18–25 in eight baseline-matched groups; double-blind description; six-hour cyclic physical workload.

Dose, route and schedule

Pirabel contained piracetam 0.6 g plus Bemitil 0.25 g per administration, immediately before the six-hour physical load and again four hours after its start. Route is not explicitly established in the inspected passage. The 78 volunteers were divided among eight groups; they were not all given Pirabel.

Protocol source ↗ · Original monograph, printed page 184; visually checked

Results · Previously reviewed monograph section 6.2, printed pages 184–189; methods and regimen notes
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Pirabel per administrationPiracetam 0.6 g + Bemitil 0.25 g
TimingImmediately before loading and four hours after it began
Workload durationSix hours
Trial groupingEight groups78 is the entire program, not the Pirabel-only arm
Performance and recoveryEndpoint-dependent differences reportedNo piracetam-only arm; exact numerical result tables deferred

Existing visually checked monograph methods used. Randomization is unconfirmed; combination versus placebo does not establish synergy.

Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-10-29

Population / setting
78 healthy volunteers aged 18–25, divided into eight groups; six-hour physical-load model
Source reviewed
Recovered 330-page monograph: section 6.2, printed pages 184–189, text checked; page 184 visually verified for groups, doses, timing and double-blind description. Original cited experiments still require retrieval.
Study limitations
  • Group allocation is described as equivalent groups; randomization has not been established.
  • No piracetam-only group appears in the listed comparison, so this cannot establish pharmacological synergy.
  • A monograph report is not independent replication; original cited reports require retrieval.
  • Young volunteers performing controlled physical work do not establish effects on sleep, watchkeeping, or toxic-exposure safety.

Reviewed 2026-10-02.

Read the source ↗

Explore related historical combinations ↗

Follow shared publications or research classes. These links do not establish equivalent effects between compounds.

Bemitil research ↗

2 shared source records

Piracetam research ↗

2 shared source records

Research collection curated by @PepMariner · editorial standards. Send a source correction ↗

Browse bibliography & PDFs ↗