RESEARCH ATLAS
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COMPOUND RECORD / SEMAX-TRH-FMRFAMIDE

Semax + TRH + FMRFamideСемакс, тиролиберин и FMRFамид

PerformanceStressRecovery
Source linked
01 / OVERVIEW

About Semax + TRH + FMRFamide

Names in this research collection

Semax TRH FMRFa · Krushinskaya regulatory peptide mixture

A defined three-peptide experimental combination studied in rats during acute hemorrhage and severe hypobaric hypoxia. It contains Semax, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and FMRFamide.

Research background

A defined three-peptide experimental combination studied in rats during acute hemorrhage and severe hypobaric hypoxia. It contains Semax, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and FMRFamide.

What the studies found

Animal research · 1996

Who or what was studied595 outbred male and female rats, 220–320 g, across the whole program; not 595 animals in the mortality comparison

Reported finding

Mortality after severe hemorrhage was reported as 23% with pretreatment and 79% in controls. The same three-peptide program reported hypobaric-hypoxia and biochemical effects.

Severe hemorrhage · mortality
23% with three-peptide pretreatment versus 79% in controlsp<0.025 as reportedMortality in the stated pretreatment comparison, not the whole 595-rat program.
Naloxone comparator · mortality
83% mortality (n=6)Small separate pretreatment group; no clear benefit.
Serum malondialdehyde after hypoxia
+192% versus baseline controls after hypoxia; +66% with peptide pretreatmentp<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively versus control as describedThe mixture alone did not significantly change the measure; p-values are not a formal direct contrast between the two hypoxia groups.
All reported results & study design →
Methods, dose & source notes

Study of multiple preparations · Dissertation

Small mortality groups; percentages cannot be converted into exact counts without the original group denominators. Pretreatment of rats before extreme blood loss is a distinct model from emergency treatment, athlete performance or environmental prophylaxis in people. The related 1997 report is part of this research program; its independence is not established.

Semax, TRH and FMRFamide in rat hemorrhage and hypobaric hypoxia ↗

These highlights cover selected studies. Open a source for its methods, reported doses and full context.

New in this profile

Source-review dates are listed with each publication. Newly added records include earlier publications; each paper’s year is shown. See the research updates.

Animal research · 1997

Companion publication on cooperative regulatory peptide effects under hypoxic shock; keep distinct from the dissertation’s quantified hemorrhage comparison.

Publication trail
Journal report identified for hypoxic shockDo not transfer the 79% and 23% mortality values from the separate hemorrhage experiment to this article.
All reported results & study design →
Study notes

Rat hypoxic-shock experiments in the Ashmarin research program; cohort overlap not determined

A separate publication is not necessarily an independent replication. Original full methods and numerical results remain an acquisition target.

Study details and source ↗
Compound class
Experimental defined peptide combination
Research collection
Actoprotection & occupational pharmacology · editorial grouping
Research institutions
No institutional affiliation recorded
Source review
Review dates and the material assessed are listed with each publication below.
02 / HOW TO READ THE RESEARCH

Understanding the evidence

Human research

No human intervention recovered.

Study methods

Separate preclinical pretreatment and stress experiments; exact routes, reported doses and transcription gaps are documented.

Independent replication

Independent replication is not established in the linked sources.

Source access

Original sources and the exact review scope are linked below.

Safety evidence

The linked experiments do not establish a safe human performance regimen.

Open a topic for the evidence assessment.

More findings, background and history
EVIDENCE REVIEW / 6 OCTOBER 2026

Outstanding review questions

Authenticate the signed institute original and protocol; reconcile group denominators, background treatment and translation. Independent replication and current-product equivalence remain unverified.

No human intervention report has been identified among the linked records; unclassified archival leads may remain. Publication records can share participants. Source counts are not trial counts.

Browse original study records ↗
03 / SOURCE RECORDS

Linked sources

Explore the research map and unresolved leads ↗

1996 · Semax, TRH and FMRFamide in rat hemorrhage and hypobaric hypoxiaSevere hemorrhage · mortality: 23% with three-peptide pretreatment versus 79% in controls
1996Animal / experimentalRussian source · see review scope

Semax, TRH and FMRFamide in rat hemorrhage and hypobaric hypoxia

Defined mixture of Semax (MEHFPGP), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pGlu–His–Pro–NH₂) and FMRFamide (Phe–Met–Arg–Phe–NH₂). · Dissertation

Format: Author-abstract transcription, methods, result narrative and figure captions checked; original scan and complete arm tables unavailable · Reviewed: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations

Ya. V. Krushinskaya · Moscow State University candidate dissertation, 142 pp.

Mortality after severe hemorrhage was reported as 23% with pretreatment and 79% in controls. The same three-peptide program reported hypobaric-hypoxia and biochemical effects.

Findings, study figures and available tables

Reported findings and study design

Mortality after severe hemorrhage was reported as 23% with pretreatment and 79% in controls. The same three-peptide program reported hypobaric-hypoxia and biochemical effects.

595 outbred male and female rats, 220–320 g, across the whole program; not 595 animals in the mortality comparison

Dose, route and schedule

Hemorrhage pretreatment: 40-minute intra-arterial infusion of FMRFamide 0.01, TRH 0.01 and Semax 0.002 mg/kg/min. Hypoxia experiments used a separate intraperitoneal schedule: FMRFamide 0.5, TRH 0.5 and Semax 0.05 mg/kg in narrative; the figure transcription appears to read TRH 0.6 mg/kg. Original scan needed to resolve that value.

Protocol source ↗ · Author-abstract transcription, methods, result narrative and figure captions checked; original scan and complete arm tables unavailable

Reported findings and study figures · Author-abstract transcription, methods, result narrative and figure captions checked; original scan and complete arm tables unavailable
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Severe hemorrhage · mortality23% with three-peptide pretreatment versus 79% in controlsMortality in the stated pretreatment comparison, not the whole 595-rat program. · p<0.025 as reported
Naloxone comparator · mortality83% mortality (n=6)Small separate pretreatment group; no clear benefit.
Serum malondialdehyde after hypoxia+192% versus baseline controls after hypoxia; +66% with peptide pretreatmentThe mixture alone did not significantly change the measure; p-values are not a formal direct contrast between the two hypoxia groups. · p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively versus control as described
Acute hypobaric modelImproved selected survival-related measures at simulated 11,000–11,500 mDistinct experiment; routes and doses differ from the hemorrhage protocol.
Behavior after severe stressMotor and exploratory effects at day 2; contextual-memory changes by day 6Author reports effects on selected post-stress behavior measures, not validated neurological recovery.

This is defined-mixture research. The outcomes cannot be assigned to Semax alone, and the magnitude of interaction among the three components was not established for human use.

Source for the extracted data ↗ · Checked 2026-11-08

Population / setting
595 outbred male and female rats, 220–320 g, across the whole program; not 595 animals in the mortality comparison
What was checked
Author-abstract transcription, methods, result narrative and figure captions checked; original scan and complete arm tables unavailable
Limitations & review scope
  • Small mortality groups; percentages cannot be converted into exact counts without the original group denominators.
  • Pretreatment of rats before extreme blood loss is a distinct model from emergency treatment, athlete performance or environmental prophylaxis in people.
  • The related 1997 report is part of this research program; its independence is not established.

Source checked 2026-11-08. See the review scope above for the material assessed.

Read the source ↗
1997 · Cooperative regulatory peptide effects in rat hypoxic shockPublication trail: Journal report identified for hypoxic shock
1997Animal / experimentalBibliographic record

Cooperative regulatory peptide effects in rat hypoxic shock

· Original journal article

Format: Indexed companion paper and dissertation publication trail; full numerical tables not recovered · Reviewed: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations

S. V. Antonova, M. Ya. Akhalaia, A. A. Baizhumanov, S. V. Shestakova, E. N. Goncharenko, Ya. V. Krushinskaya, A. V. Orlov, N. A. Sokolova, A. A. Kamensky, S. B. Parin, I. P. Ashmarin · Biull Eksp Biol Med. 124(10):400–402. PMID 9410168

Companion publication on cooperative regulatory peptide effects under hypoxic shock; keep distinct from the dissertation’s quantified hemorrhage comparison.

Findings, study figures and available tables

Reported findings and study design

Companion publication on cooperative regulatory peptide effects under hypoxic shock; keep distinct from the dissertation’s quantified hemorrhage comparison.

Rat hypoxic-shock experiments in the Ashmarin research program; cohort overlap not determined

Reported findings and study figures · Indexed companion paper and dissertation publication trail; full numerical tables not recovered
MeasureResultComparison, timing and statistics
Publication trailJournal report identified for hypoxic shockDo not transfer the 79% and 23% mortality values from the separate hemorrhage experiment to this article.

Use the dissertation record for verified numerical context. Full paper needed to verify the exact comparison arms and outcome estimates.

Source for the extracted data ↗ · Checked 2026-11-08

Population / setting
Rat hypoxic-shock experiments in the Ashmarin research program; cohort overlap not determined
What was checked
Indexed companion paper and dissertation publication trail; full numerical tables not recovered
Limitations & review scope
  • A separate publication is not necessarily an independent replication.
  • Original full methods and numerical results remain an acquisition target.

Source checked 2026-11-08. See the review scope above for the material assessed.

Read the source ↗

Explore related historical combinations ↗

Follow shared publications or research classes. These links do not establish equivalent effects between compounds.

Semax research ↗

2 shared source records

Research collection curated by @PepMariner · editorial standards. Send a source correction ↗

Browse bibliography & PDFs ↗