PinealonПинеалон
What is it?
A short synthetic peptide made of three amino acids, also called EDR. Researchers investigate it in neuronal, gene-regulation and aging models.
Identity / background source ↗
Research context
Linked research includes a rat treadmill experiment and an occupational clinical report using peptide combinations. Findings for a combination cannot be assigned to Pinealon alone.
- Working classification
- Bioregulator
- Research collection
- Peptide bioregulation · editorial grouping
- Institutional provenance
- Not established for this compound record
- Last evidence review
- Full evidence review pending; source-check scope appears with each publication below.
What do we know?
- Human research
- —Combination report
- Study methods
- —Animal + human research
- Independent replication
- —Not assessed
- Source access
- —Russian text + abstract
- Safety evidence
- —Not assessed
These are independent review fields, not a rating. Missing evidence in this starter does not mean no research exists.
Linked sources
Explore the research map and unresolved leads ↗
Neuroprotective effects of peptides bioregulators in people of various age
R. S. Umnov, N. S. Linkova, V. Kh. Khavinson · Adv Gerontol. 26(4):671–678. PMID 24738258
A gateway review comparing polypeptide complexes (Cortexin and Cerebrolysin) with short peptides (Semax, Cortagen and Pinealon). It discusses older populations and cellular mechanisms; the abstract supplies no trial-quality assessment.
- Population / setting
- Review of earlier research
- What was checked
- Indexed English abstract checked; Russian full text not retrieved.
Limitations & review scope
- Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
- A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Mechanism of Biological Activity of Short Peptides: Cell Penetration and Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
V. Kh. Khavinson, A. Yu. Solovyev, S. I. Tarnovskaya, N. S. Linkova · Biology Bulletin Reviews 3(6):451–455
Mechanistic review with a table of 15 short peptides on page 453. Tissue labels in the research map are the authors’ proposed targets, not established clinical indications.
- Population / setting
- Review of earlier research
- What was checked
- Author-hosted English PDF and its peptide table checked. Each cited experiment remains a separate appraisal task.
Limitations & review scope
- Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
- A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
V. Khavinson, N. Linkova, E. Kozhevnikova, S. Trofimova · Molecules 26(1):159; published December 31, 2020
Reviews EDR/Pinealon mechanisms involving gene regulation, neuronal survival and oxidative-stress pathways. Its cited human reports need original-paper review; it is not a trial establishing Alzheimer’s treatment benefit.
- Population / setting
- Review of earlier research
- What was checked
- Source scope and bibliographic record checked; underlying experiments require individual appraisal.
Limitations & review scope
- Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
- A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides—Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Author list available on linked original paper · Pharmaceuticals 14(6):515
Investigates EDR and KED in an experimental Alzheimer’s model, including dendritic-spine and neuroplasticity measures. Animal-model findings do not establish human benefit.
- Population / setting
- 5xFAD mouse model and neuronal research
- What was checked
- Source scope and bibliographic record checked; underlying experiments require individual appraisal.
Limitations & review scope
- Animal disease model, not a healthy-person or clinical trial.
- No effect size is entered without complete methods and endpoint review.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer’s Disease
Author list available on linked original paper · International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23(8):4259
Develops hypotheses connecting short peptides with gene regulation and neurodegenerative processes. Hypotheses are retained as mechanistic proposals, not clinical conclusions.
- Population / setting
- Review of earlier research
- What was checked
- Source scope and bibliographic record checked; underlying experiments require individual appraisal.
Limitations & review scope
- Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
- A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters
V. Kh. Khavinson, N. S. Linkova, A. I. Rudskoy, M. G. Petukhov · Original article; author-hosted PDF
Examines transporter interactions for 26 ultrashort peptides. Feasibility at this level is not demonstrated oral bioavailability, brain delivery or clinical efficacy.
- Population / setting
- Molecular transport feasibility investigation
- What was checked
- Title, authors and abstract checked; detailed experimental/computational methods await appraisal.
Limitations & review scope
- Source-linked does not mean a completed risk-of-bias review.
- A review is not an independent clinical replication; proposed mechanisms do not establish efficacy or safety.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Investigation of the actoprotective properties of the tripeptide Pinealon
G. S. Belyaeva, O. K. Davydova, A. I. Erofeev, V. A. Maydan, G. A. Ryzhak, T. V. Siretskaya, V. Kh. Khavinson · Biotekhnosfera. 2(38):25–31
The report compares treadmill performance after a two-week course and describes persistence of a performance signal after Pinealon cessation.
- Population / setting
- Rats; treadmill-to-exhaustion comparison with Metaprot
- What was checked
- Original Russian PDF located; title, opening summary, and study setting checked. Full methodological appraisal pending.
Limitations & review scope
- Animal endurance is not human cognitive performance, sleep, or occupational safety.
- No numerical effect estimate is entered before table-level review.
- The original PDF identifies issue 2(38); some later bibliographies give conflicting issue numbers.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers
A. S. Bashkireva, V. G. Artamonova · Adv Gerontol. 25(4):718–728
The abstract describes occupational psychoemotional differences and reports changes with peptide bioregulators, including combined Pinealon and Vezugen.
- Population / setting
- 150 male lorry drivers and 150 male metal craftsmen in the occupational comparison
- What was checked
- PubMed record and English abstract checked; intervention allocation and full methods not reviewed.
Limitations & review scope
- The occupational cohort size is not a verified randomized-treatment sample size.
- Randomization, blinding, and intervention-group sizes are not established from the abstract.
- Combination findings do not identify either peptide’s independent contribution or demonstrate fewer driving accidents.
Source checked 2026-09-27. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Explore related historical combinations ↗
Browse bibliography & PDFs ↗