Two days in the archives.

These are the series sizes listed in the author’s abstract, including their controls and comparators. The 240-person donor series is within the program count. The abstract reports at least 83.7% immune responders with peptide-inclusive immunization versus 60.5% with standard vaccination, with antibody titres of at least 9.6±0.2 versus 8.6±0.7 IU/mL.

The author’s abstract reports 98 pilots and 46 cosmonauts among the 328 examined. The separate panel of 47 modeling experts is outside the participant table. The stage counts below total 338. The abstract leaves the reason for the ten-person discrepancy unclear.

The 116-person block contains the 30-person hypobaric hypoxia comparison, the 70-person Coriolis motion-tolerance comparison and the 16-person sustained-work comparison. The eight-person postflight study and ten-person sleep study have separate rows in Table 1.

• PPK-V versus Cortexin, Semax and Dalargin: rat peptide-profile study

  PPK-V: hypoxia time — 552±44 s; Cortexin 201±11 s; displayed control 95±3 s

• Modification of piracetam’s nootropic action by phenibut, Bemitil and Sydnocarb

  Piracetam + Bemitil · experimental interaction — Supra-additivity reported with Bemitil at 16–30% of total formulation mass

• Pineamin and ejaculate quality and symptoms associated with male aging

  Sperm concentration — 20 [12–31] → 31 [22–68] million/mL

• Meteoadaptogenic properties of peptide drugs in healthy volunteers

  Noopept PWC170 in cold — 189 ± 10 versus 162 ± 2

• Meteoadaptogenic properties of nootrop drugs

  Noopept — Favorable psychological measures in heat and cold; physical efficiency reported in heat

• Investigation of the actoprotective properties of the tripeptide Pinealon

  Pinealon · treadmill time — Day 3 +8.7 min; day 5 +13.2 min; day 10 +18 min

• Meteoadaptogenic properties of antihypoxants

  Hypoxen · heat — Favorable subjective and mental work measures described

• Changes in bioenergetic functions and performance capacity of athletes after administration of polyphenolic antihypoxic agents

  Result availability — Numerical results not recovered

• Thymogen and four peptide preparations in hypoxia, heat and cold ↗

  In the three-day rat comparison, Thymogen at 0.1 mg/kg gave 28.6±11.8 min versus 2.2±0.1 with saline. All 16 arms and their reported values match the 2014 monograph. Thymogen had no significant benefit on the air-cooling endpoint.

• Four intranasal peptide arms at simulated 4,500 m ↗

  Thymogen was associated with lower lactate during the chamber protocol. Cortexin showed longer complex reaction latency alongside other physiological changes. The endpoints were heterogeneous.

• Cheprasov’s Medilab peptide comparisons in aerospace stress ↗

  The three test series covered hypoxia, motion tolerance and 24 hours of work. The abstract reports favorable task results for selected peptides and gives a tiny separate postflight Thymogen comparison.

• Intranasal Cortexin and statokinetic tolerance in volunteers ↗

  The authors reported 1.40–1.44-fold changes on selected stabilography measures and longer motion tolerance. The findings do not measure brain uptake.

• VIVAX SPORT topical formulations after exercise and minor injury ↗

  The treated skin site was 7.4% cooler immediately and 5.86% cooler after 15 minutes versus an untreated site after application of the relaxant cream with ultrasound.

• Cortexin and other adjuncts in military combined-injury rehabilitation ↗

  Reported work-capacity scores rose from 516.0 to 569.3 with Cortexin and from 524.1 to 613.2 with Vinpotropil. Standard care fell from 526.1 to 509.8.

• Savchenko’s naval rehabilitation Cortexin comparison ↗

  The author reported a recovery index of 80.5 versus 71.6 in the control group. Physical work capacity normalized in 50% in both groups.

• Cortexin in 187 patients with prior brain injury ↗

  The authors classified 95 outcomes as good and 62 as satisfactory. Thirty were unsatisfactory. Less-severe injuries had more favorable results.

• IPH-AGAA in cultured muscle cells ↗

  Myogenic differentiation marker expression increased 2.9- and 2.8-fold at 20 and 200 ng/mL in human-derived cells.

• Epitalon and Cortexin after acute systemic cold injury ↗

  In the severe-injury table, day-five neuron-specific enolase was 23.2 ng/mL with both agents and 58.9 ng/mL with standard care. No formal interaction analysis was reported.

• Pinealon and balance in artistic gymnasts ↗

  Gymnasts spent 55% of the balance test with their center of mass in the center of the target after Pinealon. The abstract reports improvement over earlier readings.

• Cortexin, shooting and race performance in biathletes ↗

  The paper reports 26% fewer shooting misses in the Cortexin arm after ten days, 5.6% faster course speed and a 5.5% versus 2.9% increase in an integrated work-capacity score.

• Deltaran and avoidance learning in animals ↗

  The abstract reports changes in acquisition and retention of an active swimming-avoidance response, more spontaneous movement and less freezing with Deltaran.

• Deltaran and plasma superoxide dismutase in rats ↗

  Plasma superoxide dismutase activity increased 28.6% in male rats and 21.1% in females compared with controls.

• Cortexin and Dalargin during a 21-day rat swimming series ↗

  First-swim means reached 227.25 s with Cortexin and 218.0 s with Dalargin on day 21, versus 71.9 s in controls. Starting means already differed.

• Semax during repeated rotarod testing in rats ↗

  The authors reported a 263% increase in duration on day 21 relative to day 7. They classified the effect on fatigue resistance as a statistical trend.

• Pinealon in female judo athletes ↗

  Post-load balance score increased from 57.95±6.28% to 77.24±0.96%. The separate blood subset had lower ESR.

• Semax in women’s basketball: conflicting tables and prose ↗

  The narrative reports nonsignificant shooting changes. The table labels and direction conflict with the prose, preventing confident assignment of a benefit.

• Cortexin and blood chemistry in elite swimmers ↗

  Blood urea fell in both groups and fell more with saline in the reported comparison. Race-time benefit was not measured.

• Semax and hand tapping in 20 archers ↗

  Tapping increased in four intervals and declined in two, with no parallel control group or measure of shooting accuracy.

• Semax in shooters and martial-arts athletes ↗

  Authors reported faster sound, light and choice reactions in the Semax cohorts. The same report describes stability or gains in tapping measures.

• Hepatamin, Epifamin and Suprenamin in competitive rowers ↗

  Largest reported ergometer gain was 3.94% with ecdysten plus Hepatamin. The journal and thesis describe overlapping work.

• Semax and Selank in acute loaded swimming ↗

  Both peptides prolonged swimming at selected early time points. Neither had a reported effect at 24 hours.

• SPORT 5 Plus in former competitive athletes ↗

  The authors reported within-group grip and standing-jump gains in a male results table. The comparison group showed little change.

• Pinealon and Crystagen in a 28-rower study ↗

  The monograph reports changes in oxidative biomarkers, alongside little change in several blood counts. It does not establish individual effects of Pinealon and Crystagen.

• Semax, normobaric hypoxia and short reaction tests in athletes ↗

  Post-test flash reaction time was 0.25 s with Semax, 0.24 s with hypoxia and 0.32 s with saline. Baseline differences and overlap with related conference cohorts remain unresolved.

• Age and baseline anxiety in Lysenko’s peptide stress models ↗

  The author reported that the direction of peptide-associated changes depended on age and baseline anxiety. Some shifts were unfavorable.

• Semax with and without laser-assisted application in biathletes ↗

  Stress-resistance and anxiety indices changed in both Semax arms. The study compared delivery procedures and did not measure race performance or brain exposure.

• Cortexin and Semax in a prolonged rat cold-stress model ↗

  Day-14 swim time was 3.2±0.1 min with Semax and 1.3±0.1 min with either saline or Cortexin. The 35°C plateau lasted 10, 12 and 14 days across the three groups.

• Pinealon plus Crystagen in rhythmic gymnastics ↗

  Morning recovery heart rate decreased from 83.8 to 74.2 beats/min in the combined arm. Heart rate during full routines and individual elements showed no significant change.

• A 4,749 Da bioregulator purified from rat brain ↗

  Purification yielded a polypeptide with a mass of 4,749 ± 2 Da and structural similarity to the N-terminal region of a Gₒ-protein alpha subunit.

• PPC-M bovine brain complex: analytical and rat histology study ↗

  PPC-M contained polypeptides in the 2,180–7,755 Da range and an albumin-like protein. Rat brain histology was described qualitatively.

• Intranasal carrier and injected Cortexin in rat seizure models ↗

  The intranasal carrier arm did not reproduce the significant delayed effect seen at 1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally.

• Radiolabeled Semax in rat brain after intranasal dosing ↗

  At two minutes, 0.093% of administered radioactivity per gram was detected in brain. About 80% of that signal was identified as Semax.

• Cerebrotein Hydrolysate-I candidate peptide Pep72 ↗

  Pep72 had very low measured blood–brain barrier permeability. The authors identified 11 main metabolites, including PGGDL and EPPTVPGGDL.

• Blinded rat stroke comparison of four peptide preparations ↗

  Only Cerebrolysin improved measured functional outcomes versus saline. The other hydrolysates had no significant functional effect and no treatment reduced lesion volume significantly.

• RU2049472C1: Cerebrolysat manufacturing from bovine brain tissue — RU2049472C1 ↗

  10 kDa cutoff; 200 mL final volume

• RU2709503C1: Selank in acute cold-water hypothermia models — RU2709503C1 ↗

  23% longer active swimming than saline

• RU2469730C2: Cortexin in a multi-stage biathlon protocol — RU2469730C2 ↗

  Distance time −5.6%; shooting misses −26%

• RU2801151C1: Bovine brain protein–polypeptide hydrolysate process — RU2801151C1 ↗

  160 rats, four arms of 40. No adverse change in measured behavior, blood biochemistry or organ pathology was described.

• RU2485132C2: Embryonic neural protein–polypeptide complex — RU2485132C2 ↗

  34/36 after injected complex versus 9/24 untreated controls

• RU2521324C1: Antitox and SportAktiv-2 cryopowders in rowers — RU2521324C1 ↗

  +9.0% in the active group

• Essays on Sports Pharmacology, Volume III ↗

  Aysing, 356 pp.. Table 11 reappears as Table 1 in 2018. See the unified research record. Chapter 5 and Table 12 contain separate exercise and human chamber experiments.

• Thymogen and acute respiratory illness in young athletes ↗

  Theory and Practice of Physical Culture (8):40–44. Author bibliography confirms the citation. Original methods, dose, denominator and illness counts remain unavailable.

• Thymogen and acute respiratory viral infections in a military unit ↗

  Military Medical Journal (2):31–32. Author bibliography confirms the report. Treat as part of the Furgal trail pending original denominators. No addition to the 7,630.

• Military Medical Academy aerospace medicine and the Medilab network ↗

  Historical chapter describing work from 1991 to 1995. Describes parallel work on peptide bioregulators, hypobaric conditioning and readiness assessment. Identifies colleagues and postflight evaluation as leads.

• Two Medilab peptide conference reports on hypoxia and physical work ↗

  Antihypoxants and Actoprotectors, St. Petersburg, pp. 270–271. Cheprasov’s bibliography gives consecutive reports on antihypoxic activity and experimental actoprotection. Original proceedings, protocols and overlap require verification.

• Yastrebov and Bakhtin’s peptide bioregulator monograph ↗

  Effectiveness of peptide bioregulators under extreme exposures, 70 pp.. Aerospace companion literature. Acquire the original and compare cohort signatures before counting a new series.

• Secondary immunodeficiency research in military personnel ↗

  Doctoral dissertation and cited 1994 military medical guidance. Separately traces Afghan field immunology, Kabul meetings and the 1992 All-Army conference. Verify treatment allocation and distinct cohorts from the original tables.

• Biochemical and immune observations after the Komsomolets submarine disaster ↗

  Military Medical Journal (9):28–33. Survivor recovery citation. Original treatment groups and outcomes still need retrieval.

• Early emergency-medicine Cortexin and cytomedin reports ↗

  1991 and 1992 conference literature. Early mass-casualty and emergency rehabilitation leads. The proceedings and original treatment tables are acquisition targets.

• Pyatibrat 2016 field-exercise proceedings ↗

  International Congress on Advanced Medical Technologies, p. 172. The conference reports 320 and a seven-day, 217 km exercise. The thesis describes a separate eight-day protocol description. Participant overlap unresolved; retain one historical program count.

• Cortexin in biathletes: congress and journal acquisition trail ↗

  Fourth Russian Pharmacologists’ Congress, Kazan; 2011 journal article remains a target. The 14-person account, later reviews and related patent require cohort matching. The oft-cited race-time figures need the original 2011 table.

• Pinealon and postural control in male artistic gymnasts ↗

  XXII Pavlov Congress proceedings, Volgograd, printed p. 362. The original abstract reports 16 gymnasts and 20 student controls. After Pinealon, gymnasts spent 55% of the balance test in the target center.

• Precompetition monitoring and balance in gymnasts ↗

  XXII Pavlov Congress proceedings, printed p. 311. The abstract reports shorter visual–motor reaction time and improved balance with an unnamed tripeptide. Participant counts and overlap with the p. 362 report remain unverified.

• Pinealon and Vesugen in highly qualified athletes ↗

  Biomedical Radioelectronics (4):54–55. Citation confirmed in the journal’s 2018 bibliography. The 2015 methods and results remain unavailable, including whether the preparations were tested together or separately.

• Cortexin and Semax under simulated cold stress: companion paper ↗

  Russian Biomedical Research. 8(1):13–20. DOI 10.56871/RBR.2023.20.34.002. Weighted-swim Table 5 repeats all means and uncertainties from the 2022 article. The study record treats these papers as one animal experiment.

• Pinealon and Crystagen in rhythmic gymnastics ↗

  Lesgaft research lineage and methodological report. The reproduced report describes 20 gymnasts, 12 active and eight usual training. Linkage to all related papers is unresolved.

• Short peptides in gymnasts, rowers and wrestlers ↗

  Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Peptidergic Regulation of Brain Functions, Chapter 6. Chapter 6 contains multiple distinct athlete comparisons and reports mixed laboratory outcomes. Review arm-specific products and possible publication overlap before pooling.

• Functional-state correction in football players ↗

  Dissertation catalogue and conclusions. Zenit-related source lead. The author’s reported changes require the complete intervention and group tables.

• Exercise hypoxia in athletes and miniature pigs ↗

  Biomeditsina, issue 4. Treadmill pilot in ten track-and-field athletes and a separate study in 59 miniature pigs. The human pilot measured exercise physiology without a peptide intervention.

• Experimental exercise-fatigue modelling ↗

  Biomeditsina (3):95–104. Model-development context for the later sports pharmacology and brain-extract papers.

• Comparative antihypoxic screening ↗

  Biomeditsina (1):18–23. Nonpeptide comparators and succinate derivatives provide context for the later peptide series.

• Rifatiroin and Epithalamin after prolonged extreme exposure ↗

  Vestnik St. Petersburg University, Series 3: Biology, pp. 61–71. Bibliographic acquisition lead. Original intervention identity and outcome tables still need recovery.

• Deltaran and DSIP conference follow-up ↗

  Pharmacology of Regulatory Neuropeptides proceedings, pp. 21–22. Formulation and biochemical work. Check the original preparation before assigning outcomes to isolated DSIP.

• Royal-jelly and bee-larval peptide experiments ↗

  Pushchino proceedings, pp. 111–112. Tangential nutrition and fractionation lead. Preparations should not be treated as isolated peptide equivalents.

• Military Medical Academy biomedical research department ↗

  Institutional source checked in 2026. Public institutional context. Description of research activity does not establish individual drug use or clinical outcomes.

• Cortexin and experimental adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia ↗

  Human Physiology 34(4):67–73 in the Russian edition. Original tables and relationship to the broader Tabai research need confirmation.

• Biological activity and composition across commercial peptide preparations ↗

  Original open-access laboratory article. The tested preparations differed by HPLC fingerprint. Cerebrolysin was the only product with a significant neuronal differentiation effect in this PC12 assay.