Amino-acid analysis of Pineamin and three organ peptide preparations
A. O. Rudenko, T. E. Eltysheva, M. M. Dyakonov · 2017 · Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 19(1):129–136
Related evidence maps: Military & occupational ↗
Reported findings and study design
Pineamin’s reported measured amino-acid total was 731.23 µg/mg of lyophilizate. Taurine and ornithine were detected, and three reported batch averages do not match the displayed batch values.
Laboratory composition comparison of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin, Retinalamin and Pineamin; three Pineamin manufacturing batches
| Measure | Result | Comparison, timing and statistics |
|---|---|---|
| Pineamin · reported amino-acid total | 731.23 µg/mg lyophilizate | Batch totals 736.5, 713.7 and 743.5 µg/mg; Table 2. |
| Pineamin · selected amino acids | Glu 168.23; Asp 82.70; Lys 67.80; taurine 7.93; ornithine 18.47 µg/mg | Reported Table 2 averages; these do not identify intact peptides. |
| Retinalamin · measured amino-acid total | 563.74 µg/mg lyophilizate | Table 2 comparator; taurine 4.1 µg/mg, ornithine not displayed. |
| Cortexin versus Cerebrolysin · composition | Higher Cortexin amounts of several amino acids per mg of preparation | The authors report roughly 6.5–7-fold for Asp, Glu and Tyr, ninefold for serine and twelvefold for arginine. This is a chemical comparison. |
| Batch-average discrepancies | Met 8.55 reported vs 7.50 recalculated; Ile 22.35 vs 27.73; Leu 39.50 vs 33.53 µg/mg | Arithmetic means calculated from the three displayed values. The cause of the disagreement is unresolved. |
Table 2 · selected Pineamin batch values (µg/mg)
| Analyte | Batch 1 | Batch 2 | Batch 3 | Printed mean | Recalculated mean if discrepant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asp | 86 | 78.3 | 83.8 | 82.70 | — |
| Glu | 171.1 | 161.6 | 172 | 168.23 | — |
| Lys | 67.5 | 65.8 | 70.1 | 67.80 | — |
| Taurine | 9.15 | 7.27 | 7.37 | 7.93 | — |
| Ornithine | 18.7 | 20.6 | 16.1 | 18.47 | — |
| Met | 8.29 | 8.81 | 5.41 | 8.55 | 7.50 |
| Ile | 21.9 | 38.5 | 22.8 | 22.35 | 27.73 |
| Leu | 38.6 | 21.6 | 40.4 | 39.50 | 33.53 |
| Total | 736.5 | 713.7 | 743.5 | 731.23 | — |
Selected published rows. Recalculated values identify reporting inconsistencies; the printed averages are preserved. These are amino acids measured in the preparation, not individual peptide sequences.
Chemical characterization helps distinguish the preparations. It cannot establish that amino-acid contents explain stress resistance, and it does not identify which peptides were present.
Source for the extracted data ↗ · Checked 2026-11-08
Molekul summary of the linked publication. Educational information, not medical advice. Seek qualified healthcare help for medical conditions.
Methods, limitations & source review
Study limitations
- Amino-acid totals are not the molecular-mass distribution or an inventory of intact peptides.
- The mass denominator and formulation excipients matter when comparing liquid and lyophilized organ preparations.
- Table discrepancies are left visible; they are not silently corrected.
Publication counts are not counts of independent trials. Reviews, translations and reports sharing participants may overlap. Findings apply to the studied preparation, population and endpoints.
Document format: Original publisher text and Table 2 checked; selected three-batch arithmetic audited, original PDF not recovered
Review depth: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations
Source access and review scope
Original publisher text and Table 2 checked; selected three-batch arithmetic audited, original PDF not recovered
Recorded source-check date: 2026-11-08. This date does not imply a completed systematic review.
Source type: Original journal article
Citation and original source
Original source: A. O. Rudenko, T. E. Eltysheva, M. M. Dyakonov. Amino-acid analysis of Pineamin and three organ peptide preparations Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 19(1):129–136 2017.
Molekul research summary: https://molekul.io/research/rudenko-organ-peptide-composition-2017. Cite the original publication for its findings and this page when referring to Molekul’s summary or evidence appraisal.
Bibliography entryRelated compound profiles
Pineamin
A bovine pineal-gland polypeptide mixture investigated in menopausal symptoms, age-related melatonin physiology and reproductive research. It is distinct from Pinealon (EDR), synthetic Epitalon (AEDG), and the separately studied extract Epithalamin.
Retinalamin
A retinal tissue-derived peptide preparation studied in ophthalmology. It is distinct from the short-peptide catalogue entry Normophthal.
Cortexin
A tissue-derived preparation with Russian stroke, cognitive, pediatric and other clinical reports. Study designs vary; the independent stroke review is shown alongside favorable original reports. None validates the personal WHOOP diary.
Cerebrolysin
Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture studied in neurological disease, rehabilitation and laboratory models. Clinical results, composition analyses and unresolved archival leads are separated in this collection.