Kim’s hypoxia and temperature model: original animal tables
A. E. Kim, E. B. Shustov, I. P. Zaitseva, A. V. Lemeshchenko · 2022 · Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy. 66(4):94–106
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Reported findings and study design
Swim time fell from 6.6 to 2.0 minutes from comfortable to +40°C water in Table 3. The hypoxia–heat interaction accounted for 5% of modeled variation. No peptide treatment was administered in this paper.
105 mice and 120 rats across experimental series; block randomization; separate survival and 5%-load swimming tests
Dose, route and schedule
No peptide intervention. The hemic-hypoxia series used sodium nitrite (30 or 50 mg/kg depending on severity); water temperature and body-mass load were varied by experiment.
Protocol source ↗ · Complete publisher PDF; experimental methods and Tables 3, 4, 6 and 7 checked
| Measure | Result | Comparison, timing and statistics |
|---|---|---|
| Heat during hemic hypoxia | 6.6 → 4.1 → 2.0 min | Table 3: comfort, +30°C and +40°C; loaded swim · ANOVA p=2×10⁻⁹ |
| Hypoxia during +40°C swimming | 4.2 → 2.0 → 0.6 min | Table 4: absent, mild and moderate hemic hypoxia · ANOVA p=8×10⁻⁸ |
| Hypoxia × heat interaction | 5% of modeled variance | Hypoxia 48%; heat 34%; residual 12% (rounded) · p=5×10⁻⁶ |
| Additivity index | 0.71 | Authors’ joint effect 0.95 divided by sum of single effects 1.33. Greater than either component alone, less than their sum. |
| Cold air and survival | 17.1, 15.5 and 13.8 min | Table 6: comfortable, cool and cold. The overall test was nonsignificant; a selected coldest-condition contrast was reported separately. · Overall p=0.12 |
Tables 3, 4 and 6 · separate one-factor comparisons
| Experiment | Three reported centroids (min) | F | D | Overall p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water heat during hemic hypoxia | 6.6 / 4.1 / 2.0 | 45.7 | 0.77 | 2×10⁻⁹ |
| Hypoxia severity in +40°C water | 4.2 / 2.0 / 0.6 | 31.7 | 0.71 | 8×10⁻⁸ |
| Air cooling during lethal hemic hypoxia | 17.1 / 15.5 / 13.8 | 2.2 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
Different comparisons and endpoints; the last row is survival rather than exercise time.
Table 7 · hypoxia and heat in the loaded-swim model
| Factor | Variance share D | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemic hypoxia | 0.48 | 162.9 | 4×10⁻²⁹ |
| Temperature | 0.34 | 118.1 | 9×10⁻²⁵ |
| Interaction | 0.05 | 8.9 | 5×10⁻⁶ |
| Residual | 0.12 | — | — |
Shares rounded by the authors. A statistically significant interaction does not by itself establish a large practical effect.
Use this as a model of combined environmental stress. It supplies no intervention effect for Pineamin, Cortexin, Thymalin, Thymogen or Prostatilen.
Source for the extracted data ↗ · Checked 2026-11-08
Molekul summary of the linked publication. Educational information, not medical advice. Seek qualified healthcare help for medical conditions.
Methods, limitations & source review
Study limitations
- Reported means are group centroids, not individual data. Table 3’s heading describes moderate hypoxia; the article uses related mild and moderate series elsewhere.
- Cold air survival and cold-water swimming were different experiments.
- This physiology study does not supply outcomes for the dissertation’s five-drug comparison.
Publication counts are not counts of independent trials. Reviews, translations and reports sharing participants may overlap. Findings apply to the studied preparation, population and endpoints.
Document format: Complete publisher PDF; experimental methods and Tables 3, 4, 6 and 7 checked
Review depth: Reported methods, results and evidence limitations
Source access and review scope
Complete publisher PDF; experimental methods and Tables 3, 4, 6 and 7 checked
Recorded source-check date: 2026-11-08. This date does not imply a completed systematic review.
Source type: Original journal article
Citation and original source
Original source: A. E. Kim, E. B. Shustov, I. P. Zaitseva, A. V. Lemeshchenko. Kim’s hypoxia and temperature model: original animal tables Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy. 66(4):94–106 2022.
Molekul research summary: https://molekul.io/research/kim-hypoxia-temperature-2022. Cite the original publication for its findings and this page when referring to Molekul’s summary or evidence appraisal.
Bibliography entry