Epithalamin and melatonin in rat brain during acute hypoxia
I. I. Zamorskii, I. Yu. Sopova, V. Kh. Khavinson · 2012 · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2012;154(1):51–53. PMID 23330089.
Indexed 2026-11-11.
Reported findings and study design
Reported findings
Six conditions included vehicle control, melatonin, Epithalamin, hypoxia alone and each drug before hypoxia. Rats of medium hypoxia resistance were used after prescreening. The chamber simulated 12,000 m until the second agonal inspiration. Cortex and hippocampus were analyzed separately.
Dose, route and schedule
Epithalamin 2.5 mg/kg or melatonin 1 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before simulated altitude exposure. Separate arms received the preparations in normoxia. Tissue was collected 30 minutes after acute hypoxia.
Protocol source ↗ · Original article Methods
| Measure | Result | Comparison, timing and statistics |
|---|---|---|
| Hippocampal malondialdehyde | 27.30 ± 3.28 vs 35.60 ± 3.90 vs 52.90 ± 2.36 µmol/g | Epithalamin + hypoxia, melatonin + hypoxia and hypoxia alone, respectively. |
| Hippocampal neutral protein oxidation products | 2.290 ± 0.205 vs 3.740 ± 0.274 vs 2.960 ± 0.136 | Same three groups. Units are mmol hydrazones/g protein. |
| Cortical neutral protein oxidation products | 3.560 ± 0.162 vs 2.520 ± 0.367 vs 3.500 ± 0.206 | Same three groups. The Epithalamin result was close to hypoxia alone. |
Malondialdehyde by region, Table 2 (µmol/g tissue)
| Exposure | Cortex | Hippocampus |
|---|---|---|
| Control | 46.50 ± 1.61 | 45.50 ± 1.35 |
| Hypoxia | 54.10 ± 1.83 | 52.90 ± 2.36 |
| Melatonin | 43.10 ± 1.46 | 36.00 ± 1.29 |
| Epithalamin | 38.60 ± 1.29 | 34.70 ± 4.72 |
| Melatonin + hypoxia | 38.80 ± 1.34 | 35.60 ± 3.90 |
| Epithalamin + hypoxia | 38.50 ± 1.31 | 27.30 ± 3.28 |
Mean ± error as printed (M ± m, table n = 7). These values are tissue markers rather than measures of neuronal survival.
Source for these results ↗ · Reviewed 2026-11-11
For research and education. Consult a qualified clinician for medical advice.
Study limitations and source details
Study limitations
- The overall animal total cannot be allocated to arms from the table labels alone.
- The reported significance labels do not establish an Epithalamin-versus-melatonin comparison.
- These are brain tissue biomarkers after an acute challenge. The study used the pineal extract Epithalamin and did not test synthetic AEDG (Epitalon).
Source access
Complete translated article, methods and both printed tables visually checked.
Source reviewed 2026-11-11.
Citation and original source
Original source: I. I. Zamorskii, I. Yu. Sopova, V. Kh. Khavinson. Epithalamin and melatonin in rat brain during acute hypoxia Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2012;154(1):51–53. PMID 23330089. 2012.
Molekul research summary: https://molekul.io/research/zamorskii-epithalamin-hypoxia-2012. Cite the original publication for its findings and this page when referring to Molekul’s summary or evidence appraisal.
Bibliography entry