Beyond Bromantane.
Chlodantane, Cyclontane and the wider ADK programme: related chemistry, different experimental questions.
Related branches, not interchangeable compounds.
Bromantane is an arylamine. Chlodantane and ADK-918 are benzamides; Cyclontane is a hydroxyadamantane. The newer camphane candidates change the cage framework. “Successor” describes a research interest here, not demonstrated superiority or regulatory approval.
Heat and cold formulation ↗
Chlodantane’s 2019 patent contains animal comparisons with Bemitil and Ladasten. The result depends on preparation, exposure and temperature.
Circadian-disruption formulation ↗
The 2018 Cyclontane–sodium oxybate patent studies a combination. Sleep recovery was incomplete, and its findings cannot be assigned to Cyclontane alone.
Results that qualify the positive signals
- 2022 attention experiment: the direction of the response depended on the mice’s starting attention phenotype.
- 2023 formulation comparison: water-soluble complexes lost activity in the reported tests. Greater solubility did not guarantee better performance.
- Historical enzyme screen: metabolic-enzyme effects are not evidence of beneficial detoxification or safe combinations.
Compound and archival records
Some entries are well-identified experimental candidates; others are screening codes awaiting original structural records. The number of records is not a count of clinically effective drugs.
| Record | Identity and scope | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Chlodantane ↗ | N-(adamantan-2-yl)-4-chlorobenzamide, an experimental benzamide from the Russian adamantane programme. Its amide linkage distinguishes it from Bromantane’s arylamine. | |
| Cyclontane ↗ | 1-Hydroxy-4-cyclohexylaminoadamantane hydrochloride (ADK-638), an experimental hydroxyadamantane. Individual-compound experiments and the sodium-oxybate formulation are separate evidence. | |
| ADK-918 ↗ | The para-bromobenzamide counterpart of Chlodantane, N-(adamantan-2-yl)-4-bromobenzamide. It is chemically distinct from Bromantane. | |
| ADK-957 ↗ | A chlorophenoxyacetamide adamantane lead discussed in the 2019 chemistry paper. Its historical cold-protection claim still needs the original pharmacology report. | |
| ADK-963 ↗ | An ortho-hydroxyphenyl aminoadamantane research code in the immune-regulation dissertation. Exact structure and stereochemistry require the original chemistry record. | |
| ADK-613 ↗ | An adamantyl para-fluoroaniline hydrochloride research lead named in the immune-regulation programme. Identity is based on a dissertation transcription. | |
| Kemantane ↗ | An adamantane preparation used as an immune-pharmacology comparator in the historical ADK programme. This entry documents those experiments; formulation-specific clinical evidence remains unreviewed. | |
| Camphane chlorobenzamide ↗ | An experimental camphane-based structural analogue of Chlodantane. The cage framework differs from adamantane; this is a chemical candidate, not an established treatment. | |
| Adamantylaminoethyl chlorophenoxyacetate ↗ | The aminoethyl ester hydrochloride named in SU1771186A1. This patent lead is distinct from ADK-957 and from the benzamide compounds. | |
| ADK-559 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. | |
| ADK-591 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. | |
| ADK-676 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. | |
| ADK-677 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. | |
| ADK-790 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. | |
| ADK-828 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. | |
| ADK-829 ↗ | An experimental adamantane code in the 1996 hepatic-enzyme screen. Original structural records and compound-specific pharmacology require further recovery. |
What still needs recovery
The original RU2196575C2 Cyclontane experiments, certificate 1646256, ADK-957’s original cold-exposure study, complete dissertation scans and independent safety/clinical research remain priorities. Shared filing dates or investigators do not by themselves prove a single coordinated development programme.
View the Cyclontane combination in the research matrix ↗
Bibliography and source appraisal
Chlorobenzoylaminoadamantane formulation for physical performance at high and low temperatures
Format: Patent · Reviewed: Selected animal experiments and formulation description reviewed
· RU2704126C2; filed 28 November 2016
The patent reports longer treadmill endurance with the Chlodantane formulation under heat and cold. In heat, the selected comparison was 56.23 ± 5.36 versus 27.69 ± 1.31 minutes in controls. Ladasten showed a heat signal at the higher tested exposure but no significant cold-endurance benefit.
- Population / setting
- Male mice; treadmill tests at +40°C and −5°C
- What was checked
- Selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Patent-reported animal results are not an independently replicated clinical trial or evidence of safe heat/cold exposure.
- The response was non-linear; formulation-specific effects cannot be assigned to every Chlodantane product.
- Small groups and inconsistent comparator sample reporting require original-table appraisal.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Cyclontane and sodium oxybate pharmaceutical composition for desynchronosis
Format: Patent · Reviewed: Selected methods and sleep-result passages reviewed
· RU2674342C2; filed 28 November 2016; Russian Federation represented by Ministry of Defense
The combination was investigated for activity rhythms, performance, operant learning and EEG sleep. REM duration exceeded the untreated desynchronosis group, but REM latency remained prolonged relative to baseline: recovery was incomplete.
- Population / setting
- Rodent circadian-disruption experiments; 18-hour light/dark schedule
- What was checked
- Selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Combination findings cannot establish Cyclontane’s independent effect; patent evidence does not establish human efficacy or safety.
- No clinical sleep benefit or safe self-use regimen follows from these experiments.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Comparative study of the effects of adamantane derivatives on the behavior of CD-1 mice with different phenotype of attention stability
Format: Journal article; full-text reproduction · Reviewed: Abstract, identity passage and selected methods reviewed
N. A. Sukhorukova, R. M. Salimov, G. I. Kovalev · Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2022;(1):3–8
Cyclantane, Ladasten and memantine partially restored attention in the low-attention subgroup, but worsened attention in the initially high-attention subgroup by 40–47% relative to controls. Exploratory and locomotor measures did not change in parallel.
- Population / setting
- CD-1 mice separated by baseline attention phenotype; three administrations
- What was checked
- Selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Phenotype-dependent mouse behavior is not evidence for human ADHD treatment or general cognitive enhancement.
- Dose, route and repeated-testing effects limit extrapolation; the names Cyclantane and Cyclontane refer here to ADK-638.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Comparative Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activity of Fatty Aromatic Amides and Amines with a Framework Moiety and Their Non-Covalent Complexes
A. A. Vernigora, R. V. Brunilin, O. V. Vostrikova, et al. · Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 57(4):523–534
The camphane chlorobenzamide candidate increased treadmill performance by 23.22–25.20% at the reported 14-day assessment. Complexation of Chlodantane, Bromantane and ADK-918 neutralized their actoprotective effects in the tested preparations; the new derivatives were classified as moderately toxic.
- Population / setting
- Mouse pharmacology experiments
- What was checked
- Originating research institute’s publication record and abstract checked; full tables not reviewed.
Limitations & review scope
- Abstract-level animal findings do not establish human performance benefits or improved clinical safety.
- An effect at a 14-day assessment does not prove a benefit persisted for 14 days after one dose.
- The Russian and English versions are one publication, not independent replication.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Synthesis of New Camphane-Type Amides: Potential Synthetic Adaptogenes
I. A. Novakov, R. V. Brunilin, G. M. Butov, A. A. Vernigora, M. B. Navrotskii, A. S. Yablokov, S. N. Voloboev · Russian Journal of General Chemistry. 89(3):399–404
The study reports synthesis and characterization of camphane analogues and links their design to Chlodantane and related adamantanes. ADK-957 appears as a chlorophenoxyacetamide background lead; cited cold-protection activity is not a new clinical result in this chemistry paper.
- Population / setting
- Chemical synthesis and characterization; background pharmacology citations
- What was checked
- Author-uploaded paper’s accessible chemistry/background passages checked; earlier pharmacology not independently recovered.
Limitations & review scope
- Chemical characterization and a potential-adaptogen label do not demonstrate pharmacological efficacy.
- ADK-957’s original cold-exposure experiment and detailed safety data remain acquisition targets.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Role of neurotropic adamantane-containing compounds in the regulation of immunity
· Dissertation; OCR reproduction
Format: Dissertation abstract transcription · Reviewed: See scope
· Dissertation author’s abstract; third-party Russian transcription
The programme reports preparation-dependent antibody-forming-cell, T-cell and post-irradiation colony responses. ADK-910 showed a strong humoral response without increasing the delayed-hypersensitivity endpoint; immune stimulation was not uniform across assays.
- Population / setting
- Multiple mouse strains and laboratory immune assays
- What was checked
- Selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- OCR transcription requires comparison with the original; author/date and full tables are not entered as verified metadata.
- Immune and colony assays do not demonstrate better health, infection prevention or long-term stem-cell expansion in people.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on cytochrome P450 metabolic activity and drug effects
· Dissertation; OCR reproduction
Format: Dissertation abstract transcription · Reviewed: See scope
T. G. Khlopushina · Doctoral dissertation author’s abstract. Moscow, 1996
ADK-559/591/676/677 weakly inhibited hepatic monooxygenase activity. ADK-709/790/828/829/910/918 were identified as P450 inducers. This is an enzyme-screening result, not an endurance or clinical-benefit comparison.
- Population / setting
- Mouse hepatic-enzyme screening; 18 adamantane compounds
- What was checked
- Selected source passages checked; complete methods and risk of bias not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Original structures and tables require checking against the scan; transcription errors are possible.
- Enzyme induction does not establish detoxification benefits or predict safe human drug combinations.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid adamant-2-ylaminoethyl ester hydrochloride with claimed thermoprotective and psychostimulant activities
N. V. Klimova, T. D. Karpova, Sh. Karadzhaev, N. P. Bykov, N. I. Avdyunina, B. M. Pyatin, I. S. Morozov, G. V. Pushkar, I. M. Zinovyeva · SU1771186A1; filed 23 October 1990; published 10 November 1995
The patent identifies a distinct aminoethyl ester and claims thermoprotective and psychostimulant activity. It is not ADK-957’s amide and is not Chlodantane.
- Population / setting
- Patent-described experimental compound
- What was checked
- Patent identity, title, inventors and dates checked; quantitative pharmacology not appraised.
Limitations & review scope
- Patent claims are not verified clinical findings; experimental magnitude and independent replication remain unassessed.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.
Original Cyclontane / ADK-638 patent trail
· RU2196575C2; cited in later RU2674342C2
The later patent cites this earlier Cyclontane development record. Original behavioral and toxicity comparisons require direct verification before numerical claims are reproduced.
- Population / setting
- Original experiments not independently recovered for this entry
- What was checked
- Prior-art citation followed from the 2018 patent; original retrieval unsuccessful.
Limitations & review scope
- Bibliographic lead only; neither potency ratios nor toxicity estimates from secondary accounts are treated as verified here.
Source checked 2026-10-03. This is a source-linked record, not a completed evidence review.